Over the last few years, smart cities have been a focus of scholarly attention. Most of these critical studies concentrated on the multinational corporations’ discourses and their implications on urban policies. Besides these factors, however, the data-driven city develops within a complex web of entanglements whereby data-driven technologies modulate the urban infrastructure in a multitude of ways contingent upon the social, political, material and technical aspects. As such, this article attends to the infrastructural implications of a smart city product, Citymapper, which is a transport app built on open data available as part of London’s smart city planning. In order to establish the relationship between data and infrastructure, I use Gilbert Simondon’s notions of ‘transduction’, ‘individuation’ and ‘technicity’ to explore this relationship in a processual and relational way. In constructing this relationship as co-generative, whereby infrastructure and data transindividuate, I subsequently posit the term data/infrastructure. Against this theoretical background, I study the ways in which Citymapper individuates and thereby gains infrastructural power through technicity of data by studying the ways in which the users’ contribute to data generation that feed back into the app. Specifically, by following the transformation of the app from initially mediating the bus timetable to transducing users into environmental sensing nodes through which the app collects behavioural data, I foreground the epistemological, infrastructural and social consequences of Citymapper’s infrastructural power for the data-driven city.

中文翻译：

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智慧城市中的数据/基础设施：通过数据技术了解 Citymapper 应用程序的基础设施力量

近年来，智慧城市一直是学术界关注的焦点。这些批判性研究大多集中在跨国公司的话语及其对城市政策的影响上。然而，除了这些因素之外，数据驱动的城市在一个复杂的纠缠网络中发展，数据驱动的技术以多种方式调节城市基础设施，取决于社会、政治、物质和技术方面。因此，本文关注智慧城市产品 Citymapper 的基础设施影响，这是一个基于开放数据构建的交通应用程序，作为伦敦智慧城市规划的一部分。为了建立数据和基础设施之间的关系，我使用了 Gilbert Simondon 的“转导”概念，“个性化”和“技术性”以过程和关系的方式探索这种关系。在将这种关系构建为共同生成的，即基础设施和数据跨个体化的过程中，我随后提出了数据/基础设施这一术语。在此理论背景下，我研究了 Citymapper 个性化的方式，从而通过研究用户对反馈到应用程序的数据生成做出贡献的方式，通过数据技术获得基础设施力量。具体而言，通过跟踪应用程序从最初调解公交时刻表到将用户转换为应用程序收集行为数据的环境感知节点的转变，我将 Citymapper 的基础设施能力对数据驱动型城市的认识论、基础设施和社会后果进行了展望。