This ethnographic study explores forms of mutuality and conviviality between Shona migrants from Zimbabwe and Tsonga-speaking South Africans living in Giyani, South Africa. To analyse these forms of mutuality, we draw on Southern African concepts rather than more conventional development or migration theory. We explore ways in which the Shona concept of hushamwari (translated as “friendship”) and the commensurate xiTsonga category of kuhanyisana (“to help each other to live”) allow for conviviality. Employing the concept of hushamwari enables us to move beyond binaries of kinship versus friendship relations and examine the ways in which people create reciprocal friendships that are a little “like kin.” We argue that the cross-cutting forms of collective personhood that underlie both Shona and Tsonga ways of being make it possible to form social bonds across national lines, such that mutuality can be made between people even where the wider social context remains antagonistic to “foreigners.”

中文翻译：

---

尽管表面上存在差异，但互惠互利：HuShamwari、Kuhanyisana 以及南非吉亚尼的绍纳津巴布韦人和特松加南非人之间的欢乐

这项民族志研究探讨了来自津巴布韦的绍纳族移民与居住在南非吉亚尼的讲特松加语的南非人之间的相互交流和欢乐的形式。为了分析这些形式的相互性，我们借鉴了南部非洲的概念，而不是更传统的发展或移民理论。我们探索 hushamwari 的 Shona 概念（翻译为“友谊”）和相应的 xiTsonga 类别 kuhanyisana（“互相帮助生活”）带来欢乐的方式。采用 hushamwari 的概念使我们能够超越亲属关系与友谊关系的二元对立关系，并研究人们建立有点“像亲属”的互惠友谊的方式。