In the Introduction to his Treatise of Human Nature, David Hume credits “my Lord Shaftesbury” as one of the “philosophers in England, who have begun to put the science of man on a new footing.” I describe aspects of Shaftesbury’s philosophy that justify the credit Hume gives him. I focus on Shaftesbury’s refutation of psychological egoism, his examination of partiality, and his views on how to promote impartial virtue. I also discuss Shaftesbury’s political commitments, and raise questions about recent interpretations that have taken his Characteristicks to be a polemic, partisan text.

中文翻译：

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沙夫茨伯里谈自私和党派

在简介中他的人性论, 大卫休谟将“我的沙夫茨伯里勋爵”誉为“英格兰的哲学家之一，他们已经开始将人类科学置于新的基础上”。我描述了沙夫茨伯里哲学的各个方面，这些方面证明了休谟给予他的荣誉是正确的。我关注沙夫茨伯里对心理利己主义的反驳，他对偏心的审视，以及他对如何促进公正美德的看法。我还讨论了沙夫茨伯里的政治承诺，并对最近的解释提出了问题，这些解释使他的特点成为一个有争议的、党派的文本。