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HOW SHOULD WE RECONCILE SELF-REGARDING AND PRO-SOCIAL MOTIVATIONS? A RENAISSANCE OF “DAS ADAM SMITH PROBLEM”
Social Philosophy and Policy ( IF 0.3 ) Pub Date : 2021-01-07 , DOI: 10.1017/s0265052520000059 Natalie Gold
Social Philosophy and Policy ( IF 0.3 ) Pub Date : 2021-01-07 , DOI: 10.1017/s0265052520000059 Natalie Gold
“Das Adam Smith Problem” is the name given by eighteenth-century German scholars to the question of how to reconcile the role of self-interest in the Wealth of Nations with Smith’s advocacy of sympathy in Theory of Moral Sentiments . As the discipline of economics developed, it focused on the interaction of selfish agents, pursuing their private interests. However, behavioral economists have rediscovered the existence and importance of multiple motivations, and a new Das Adam Smith Problem has arisen, of how to accommodate self-regarding and pro-social motivations in a single system. This question is particularly important because of evidence of motivation crowding, where paying people can backfire, with payments achieving the opposite effects of those intended. Psychologists have proposed a mechanism for the crowding out of “intrinsic motivations” for doing a task, when payment is used to incentivize effort. However, they argue that pro-social motivations are different from these intrinsic motivations, implying that crowding out of pro-social motivations requires a different mechanism. In this essay I present an answer to the new Das Adam Smith problem, proposing a mechanism that can underpin the crowding out of both pro-social and intrinsic motivations, whereby motivations are prompted by frames and motivation crowding is underpinned by the crowding out of frames. I explore some of the implications of this mechanism for research and policy.
中文翻译:
我们应该如何调和自私和亲社会的动机?“DAS ADAM SMITH 问题”的复兴
“亚当斯密问题”是 18 世纪德国学者对如何调和自身利益在国富论 史密斯提倡同情道德情操论 . 随着经济学学科的发展,它侧重于自私代理人的互动,追求他们的私人利益。然而,行为经济学家重新发现了多种动机的存在和重要性,并且出现了一个新的亚当斯密问题,即如何在单一系统中容纳自私和亲社会的动机。这个问题特别重要,因为有证据表明动机拥挤,付钱的人可能会适得其反,付款会产生与预期相反的效果。心理学家提出了一种机制,用于挤出完成一项任务的“内在动机”,当报酬被用来激励努力时。然而,他们认为亲社会动机与这些内在动机不同,这意味着排挤亲社会动机需要不同的机制。在这篇文章中,我提出了新的达斯亚当斯密问题的答案,提出了一种机制,可以支持亲社会动机和内在动机的挤出,即动机由框架激发,而动机拥挤则由框架挤出支撑. 我探讨了这种机制对研究和政策的一些影响。
更新日期:2021-01-07
中文翻译:
我们应该如何调和自私和亲社会的动机?“DAS ADAM SMITH 问题”的复兴
“亚当斯密问题”是 18 世纪德国学者对如何调和自身利益在