Over the past years, the frequency and scope of disasters affecting the United States have significantly increased. Government agencies have made efforts in improving the nation’s disaster response framework to minimize fatalities and economic loss due to disasters. Disaster response has evolved with the emergency management agencies incorporating systematic changes in their organization and emergency response functions to accommodate lessons learned from past disaster events. Technological advancements in disaster response have also improved the agencies’ ability to prepare for and respond to natural hazards. The transportation and logistics sector has a primary role in emergency response during and after disasters. In this light, this paper seeks to identify how effective policy changes and new technology have aided the transportation and logistics sector in emergency response and identify gaps in current practices for further improvement. Specifically, this study compares and contrasts the transportation and logistical support to emergency relief efforts during and after two major Hurricane events in the U.S., namely Hurricane Katrina (which affected New Orleans in 2005) and Hurricane Harvey (which affected Houston in 2017). This comparison intends to outline the major steps taken by the government and the private entities in the transportation and logistics sector to facilitate emergency response and the issues faced during the process. Finally, the paper summarizes the lessons learned from both the Hurricane events and provides recommendations for further improvements in transportation and logistical support to disaster response.

中文翻译：

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比较运输和物流工作中采取的行动和经验教训，以应对卡特里娜飓风和哈维飓风的应急反应

在过去的几年中，影响美国的灾难的频率和范围已经大大增加。政府机构已努力改善国家的灾难应对框架，以最大程度地减少灾难造成的死亡和经济损失。随着应急管理机构在组织和应急功能方面进行系统的更改，以适应从过去的灾难事件中汲取的教训，灾难响应得到了发展。灾害响应方面的技术进步也提高了机构应对自然灾害的能力。运输和物流部门在灾难发生期间和之后的应急响应中起着主要作用。有鉴于此，本文旨在确定有效的政策变化和新技术如何帮助运输和物流部门进行应急响应，并找出当前实践中的差距以进一步改进。具体而言，本研究比较和对比了美国发生两次重大飓风事件期间和之后对紧急救援工作的运输和后勤支持，即卡特里娜飓风（2005年影响新奥尔良）和哈维飓风（2017年影响休斯顿）。这次比较旨在概述政府和私人实体在运输和物流部门为促进应急响应而采取的主要步骤以及在此过程中面临的问题。最后，