The emergency responses required during large-scale crises or disasters are extremely knowledge-intensive processes and are usually characterized by a high degree of unpredictability and unrepeatability. An emergency response is mission- and time-critical, unstructured, very dynamic, and it is very difficult to predefine or even to anticipate all possible response scenarios. Therefore, designing and implementing a software system to support such a response system is highly complicated and challenging. This research aims to investigate and discuss how Adaptive Case Management (ACM) can be leveraged in the design and implementation of a case-based emergency response system. In particular, this research considers the best practices of the National Incident Management System (NIMS), which is an essential part of the National Response Framework (NRF) developed in the United States. As a proof-of-concept, a prototype demonstration has been carried out on a leading commercial ACM platform. In addition, a walkthrough scenario is discussed to elaborate how ACM can support emergency response activities in real settings using the Incident Command System (ICS) organizational structure. The key benefit of this research is to guide the development and implementation of cased-based emergency response systems with a flexible and agile approach.

中文翻译：

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利用自适应案例管理开发基于案例的应急系统

大规模危机或灾难期间所需的应急响应是知识密集型过程，通常具有高度不可预测性和不可重复性的特征。紧急响应是任务和时间关键的，无组织的，非常动态的，因此很难预先定义甚至预测所有可能的响应方案。因此，设计和实现支持这种响应系统的软件系统是非常复杂和具有挑战性的。这项研究旨在调查和讨论如何在基于案例的应急系统的设计和实施中利用自适应案例管理（ACM）。本研究尤其考虑了国家事件管理系统（NIMS）的最佳做法，这是美国制定的国家响应框架（NRF）的重要组成部分。作为概念验证，已经在领先的商业ACM平台上进行了原型演示。此外，还将讨论一个演练场景，以详细说明ACM如何使用事件指挥系统（ICS）的组织结构在实际环境中支持紧急响应活动。这项研究的主要好处是用灵活，敏捷的方法来指导基于案例的应急系统的开发和实施。讨论了演练场景，以详细说明ACM如何使用事件指挥系统（ICS）的组织结构在实际环境中支持紧急响应活动。这项研究的主要好处是用灵活，敏捷的方法来指导基于案例的应急系统的开发和实施。讨论了一个演练场景，以详细说明ACM如何使用事件指挥系统（ICS）的组织结构在实际环境中支持紧急响应活动。这项研究的主要好处是用灵活，敏捷的方法来指导基于案例的应急系统的开发和实施。