Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Although advances are being made towards earlier detection and the development of impactful targeted therapies and immunotherapies, the 5-year survival of patients with advanced disease is still below 20%. Effective cancer research relies on pre-clinical model systems that accurately reflect the evolutionary course of disease progression and mimic patient responses to therapy. Here, we review pre-clinical models, including genetically engineered mouse models and patient-derived materials, such as cell lines, primary cell cultures, explant cultures and xenografts, that are currently being used to interrogate NSCLC evolution from pre-invasive disease through locally invasive cancer to the metastatic colonization of distant organ sites.

非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）是全球癌症相关死亡的主要原因。尽管在早期检测以及有效的靶向治疗和免疫疗法的开发方面取得了进展，但晚期疾病患者的 5 年生存率仍低于 20%。有效的癌症研究依赖于准确反映疾病进展的进化过程并模拟患者对治疗的反应的临床前模型系统。在这里，我们回顾了临床前模型，包括基因工程小鼠模型和患者来源的材料，例如细胞系、原代细胞培养物、外植体培养物和异种移植物，这些材料目前正用于探究 NSCLC 从侵袭前疾病到局部疾病的演变。侵袭性癌症向远处器官部位的转移定植。