Managed lanes, such as a dedicated lane for connected and automated vehicles (CAVs), can provide not only technological accommodation but also desired market incentives for road users to adopt CAVs in the near future. In this paper, we investigate traffic flow characteristics with two configurations of the managed lane across different market penetration rates and quantify the benefits from the perspectives of lane-level headway distribution, fuel consumption, communication density, and overall network performance. The results highlight the benefits of implementing managed lane strategies for CAVs: (1) A dedicated CAV lane significantly extends the stable region of the speed-flow diagram and yields a greater road capacity. As the result shows, the highest flow rate is 3400 vehicles per hour per lane at 90% market penetration rate with one CAV lane. (2) The concentration of CAVs in one lane results in a narrower headway distribution (with smaller standard deviation) even with partial market penetration. (3) A dedicated CAV lane is also able to eliminate duel-bell-shape distribution that is caused by the heterogeneous traffic flow. (4) A dedicated CAV lane creates a more consistent CAV density, which facilitates communication activity and decreases the probability of packet dropping.

中文翻译：

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混合交通条件下联网和自动驾驶车辆的交通流特征和车道使用策略

受管理的车道，例如用于联网和自动车辆（CAV）的专用车道，不仅可以提供技术适应性，而且还可以为道路使用者在不久的将来采用CAV提供所需的市场激励。在本文中，我们研究了具有不同市场渗透率的受管车道的两种配置的交通流特征，并从车道级车头时距分布，油耗，通信密度和整体网络性能的角度量化了收益。结果突出显示了为CAV实施管理车道策略的好处：（1）专用的CAV车道显着扩展了速度流图的稳定区域并产生了更大的道路通行能力。结果表明，最高流量是每条车道每小时3400辆车，其中一条CAV车道的市场渗透率为90％。（2）即使部分市场渗透，CAV集中在一个车道上也会导致车头间距分布变窄（标准偏差更小）。（3）专用的CAV车道还能够消除由异类交通流引起的双重钟形分布。（4）专用的CAV通道可创建更一致的CAV密度，从而促进通信活动并降低丢包的可能性。