The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet on glycaemic control and consumption of processed (PF) and ultraprocessed (UPF) foods in pregnant women with pre-gestational diabetes mellitus (PGDM). This is a randomised, controlled, single-blind clinical trial with forty-nine adult women with PGDM, followed at a public maternity hospital in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The control group (CG) received a standard diet consisting of 45–55 % of the total energy intake of carbohydrates, 15–20 % of proteins and 25–30 % of lipids. The DASH group (DG) received an adapted DASH diet, which did not differ from the standard diet in the percentage of macronutrients, but had higher contents of fibre, unsaturated fats and minerals such as Ca, Mg and K; and lower contents of Na and saturated fats than the standard diet. In the analysis by protocol, the DG presented a higher incidence of glycaemic control after 12 weeks of intervention (57·1 v. 8·3 %, P = 0·01, moderate effect size) and a lower mean consumption of UPF (−9·9 %, P = 0·01) compared with the CG. There was no statistically significant difference in fasting and postprandial blood glucose concentrations, or in the consumption of PF between the groups (P > 0·05). The DASH diet may be a strategy for glycaemic control in pregnant women with PGDM, favouring the adoption of a nutritionally adequate diet with lower consumption of UPF. Further studies are needed to investigate the effect of the DASH diet on glycaemic profile, and maternal and perinatal outcomes in women with PGDM.

中文翻译：

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停止高血压的膳食方法 (DASH) 饮食对妊娠前糖尿病孕妇血糖控制和加工和超加工食品消费的影响：一项随机临床试验

本研究的目的是评估停止高血压的膳食方法 (DASH) 饮食对妊娠前糖尿病 (PGDM) 孕妇血糖控制和加工 (PF) 和超加工 (UPF) 食品的消费的影响。这是一项随机、对照、单盲临床试验，涉及 49 名 PGDM 成年女性，随后在巴西里约热内卢的一家公立妇产医院进行。对照组 (CG) 接受标准饮食，包括 45-55% 的总能量摄入的碳水化合物、15-20% 的蛋白质和 25-30% 的脂质。DASH 组（DG）接受了调整后的 DASH 饮食，该饮食与标准饮食的常量营养素百分比没有差异，但纤维、不饱和脂肪和矿物质（如 Ca、Mg 和 K）含量较高；钠和饱和脂肪的含量低于标准饮食。在按方案分析中，DG 在干预 12 周后表现出更高的血糖控制发生率（57·1v. 8·3 %,磷= 0·01，中等效应量）和较低的 UPF 平均消耗量（-9·9 %，磷= 0·01) 与 CG 相比。空腹和餐后血糖浓度，或组间 PF 消耗量无统计学差异。磷> 0·05)。DASH 饮食可能是 PGDM 孕妇血糖控制的一种策略，有利于采用营养充足且 UPF 摄入量较低的饮食。需要进一步的研究来调查 DASH 饮食对 PGDM 女性血糖状况以及孕产妇和围产期结局的影响。