Neurosurgery for psychiatric disorders (NPD), also sometimes referred to as psychosurgery, is rapidly evolving, with new techniques and indications being investigated actively. Many within the field have suggested that some form of guidelines or regulations are needed to help ensure that a promising field develops safely. Multiple countries have enacted specific laws regulating NPD. This article reviews NPD-specific laws drawn from North and South America, Asia and Europe, in order to identify the typical form and contents of these laws and to set the groundwork for the design of an optimal regulation for the field. Key challenges for this design that are revealed by the review are how to define the scope of the law (what should be regulated), what types of regulations are required (eligibility criteria, approval procedures, data collection, and oversight mechanisms), and how to approach international harmonization given the potential migration of researchers and patients.

中文翻译：

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精神疾病神经外科手术的国际法律方法

精神疾病神经外科（NPD）有时也称为精神外科，正在迅速发展，新技术和适应症正在积极研究。该领域的许多人建议需要某种形式的指导方针或法规来帮助确保有前途的领域安全发展。多个国家颁布了规范 NPD 的具体法律。本文回顾了北美、南美、亚洲和欧洲的 NPD 特定法律，旨在确定这些法律的典型形式和内容，并为该领域的最佳监管设计奠定基础。审查揭示的这一设计的主要挑战是如何界定法律的范围（应该监管什么）、需要什么类型的监管（资格标准、审批程序、数据收集和监督机制）以及如何考虑到研究人员和患者的潜在迁移，实现国际协调。