Carcass weight, meat quality and muscle components are important traits economically and they underpin most of the commercial return to goat producers. In this study, the Longissimus dorsi muscle tissues were collected from five Liaoning cashmere (LC) goats and five Ziwuling black (ZB) goats with phenotypic difference in carcass weight, some meat quality traits and muscle components. The histological quantitative of collagen fibers and the transcriptome profiles in the Longissimus dorsi muscle tissues were investigated using Masson-trichrome staining and RNA-Seq, respectively. The percentage of total collagen fibers in the Longissimus dorsi muscle tissues from ZB goats was less than those from LC goats, suggesting that these ZB goats had more tender meat. An average of 15,919 and 15,582 genes were found to be expressed in Longissimus dorsi muscle tissues from LC and ZB goats, respectively. Compared to LC goats, the expression levels of 78 genes were up-regulated in ZB goats, while 133 genes were down-regulated. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses revealed that the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were significantly enriched in GO terms related to the muscle growth and development and the deposition of intramuscular fat and lipid metabolism, hippo signaling pathway and Jak-STAT signaling pathway. The results provide an improved understanding of the genetic mechanisms regulating meat production performance in goats, and will help us improve the accuracy of selection for meat traits in goats using marker-assisted selection based on these differentially expressed genes obtained.

体重量，肉质和肌肉成分在经济上是重要的特征，它们是向山羊生产者提供大部分商业回报的基础。在这项研究中背最长背从五只辽宁山羊绒和五只子午岭黑山羊中采集肌肉组织，它们的car体重量，某些肉质性状和肌肉组成具有表型差异。胶原纤维的组织学定量和转录组谱背最长背分别使用Masson三色染色和RNA-Seq研究肌肉组织。胶原蛋白在胶原纤维中所占的百分比背最长背ZB山羊的肌肉组织少于LC山羊，这说明这些ZB山羊的肉更嫩。发现平均有15,919和15,582个基因在背最长背分别来自LC和ZB山羊的肌肉组织。与LC山羊相比，ZB山羊中78个基因的表达水平上调，而133个基因的表达水平下调。基因本体论（GO）和《京都基因与基因组百科全书》（KEGG）分析表明，差异表达基因（DEGs）富含与肌肉生长和发育以及肌肉内脂肪和脂质代谢沉积，河马信号有关的GO术语途径和Jak-STAT信号传导途径。结果提供了对调节山羊肉生产性能的遗传机制的更好理解，并且将有助于我们基于获得的这些差异表达的基因，使用标记辅助选择来提高山羊肉性状选择的准确性。