ABSTRACT

Associations between certain personality traits and individual differences in diurnal preferences, referred to as morningness-eveningness, are well established from cross-sectional studies. However, it is unclear whether personality affects diurnal preference, diurnal preference affects personality, or some third factor influences both. The current study assessed the Big Five personality traits and morningness-eveningness in a one-year, two-wave longitudinal design, in a sample of 169 Polish high school students (59% females), aged 16–17 years (M = 16.80, SD = 0.39) during the first wave of measurement. During the second wave the participants were respectively 1 year older. Cross lagged panel analyses were run to determine wave 1 predictors of wave 2 variables. Cross-sectional analyses replicated the association between morningness and conscientiousness that has been reliably found in previous studies, but the cross-lagged paths between these variables were nonsignificant. These two traits appear to be intrinsically linked to one another by adolescence, possibly as a consequence of genetic influences that shape temperament earlier in childhood. In contrast, emotional stability and morningness were not significantly correlated in wave 1 cross-sectional data, but a significant relationship was found in the cross-lagged panel analysis. Wave 1 emotional stability predicted wave 2 morningness, although wave 1 morningness did not predict personality. We tentatively suggest that there may be a causal effect of personality on diurnal preference, associated with avoidance strategies for coping with academic stress as the high school years approach their end. More neurotic individuals may cope with their aversion to classes by distracting themselves with evening pursuits, such as use of the internet. Further work might examine in more depth how contextual stressors interact with personality to affect daily activities at different times of the day.

摘要

横断面研究已经很好地建立了某些人格特征与昼夜偏好中个体差异之间的联系，称为早晨-晚上。但是，尚不清楚人格是否会影响昼夜偏好，昼夜偏好会影响人格，还是某些第三因素会同时影响两者。当前的研究通过对169名波兰高中学生（59％的女性）年龄16-17岁（M = 16.80，在第一波测量中SD = 0.39）。在第二波中，参与者分别比1岁大。进行交叉滞后面板分析，以确定第2代变量的第1代预测变量。横断面分析复制了早先研究中已经可靠地发现的早晨与尽责之间的联系，但是这些变量之间的交叉滞后路径并不重要。这两个特征似乎是通过青春期相互联系的，这可能是由于遗传因素影响了童年早期的性情。相比之下，在第一波横断面数据中，情绪稳定性和清晨没有显着相关，但是在交叉滞后的面板分析中发现了显着的关系。第1浪的情绪稳定可以预测第2浪的早晨，尽管第1浪的早晨不能预测人格。我们初步建议，人格因素可能会影响昼夜偏好，与避免策略相结合，以应对高中时代即将结束时的学业压力。越来越多的神经质个体可以通过夜间活动（例如使用互联网）分散他们的注意力，以应对他们对上课的厌恶。进一步的工作可能会更深入地研究情境压力源如何与人格相互作用以影响一天中不同时间的日常活动。