ABSTRACT

Social cues are potent non-photic modulators of the circadian clock and play a vital role in resetting the endogenous clock. Several lines of evidence strongly suggest a functional link between olfactory cues and the circadian clock. However, there is a paucity of information on the effects of social interaction with the conspecifics of the opposite sex on the circadian clock. Hence, we studied the effect of social cues of sexually mature naïve opposite sex of the conspecific on the phase resetting of the circadian clock at various circadian times (CT) and molecular changes at the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) and odor responsive structure in the brain of mice. Sexually naïve adult male and female free-running mice (designated as ‘runners’) were exposed to the conspecifics of the opposite-sex (‘strangers’) for 30 min at CT3, CT9, CT15, and CT21. Both male and female ‘runners’ exhibited a phase advance at CT3, delay at CT21, and no response at CT9. However, at CT15 only the male ‘runners’ exhibited phase advance but not the female ‘runners’. Control mice did not elicit any significant phase shifts at all CTs. Social interactions with conspecifics of the opposite-sex up-regulated c-fos/C-FOS, omp in the olfactory bulb, per-1/PER-1 in the SCN, C-FOS, and PER-1 in the piriform cortex of both male and female runners at CT3. However, at CT15 up-regulation of variables only occurred in male but not in female runners. Together, the present investigation has shown the gender difference in circadian clock responses for social cues with conspecific of the opposite-sex in mice.

摘要

社交提示是昼夜节律时钟的有效非光调制器，并且在重置内源时钟方面起着至关重要的作用。几条证据强烈表明，嗅觉提示和生物钟之间存在功能联系。但是，关于生物钟与异性的社会交往的影响的信息很少。因此，我们研究了性成熟天真的异性的社会暗示对不同昼夜节律（CT）昼夜节律时钟的相位重置以及大脑上视交叉核（SCN）分子变化和气味响应结构的影响。的老鼠。幼稚的成年雄性和雌性自由流动小鼠（称为“奔跑者”）在CT3，CT9，CT15和CT21处暴露于异性的同种异体（“陌生人”）中30分钟。男性和女性“奔跑者”均在CT3处表现出相移，在CT21处表现出延迟，在CT9处无反应。但是，在CT15上，只有男性“跑步者”表现出阶段提前，而女性“跑步者”则没有。对照小鼠在所有CT处均未引起任何明显的相移。异性恋者上调的社交互动c-fos / C-FOS，嗅球中的omp，CT3上男女雌性跑步者的SCN，C-FOS中的per-1 / PER-1和梨状皮层中的PER-1。但是，在CT15上，变量的上调仅发生在男性，而女性没有发生。总之，本研究表明，在社交暗示的昼夜节律响应中，性别具有差异，与老鼠的异性同种。