ABSTRACT

Sida planicaulis is a weed thought to have originated in Brazil, where it is present in abundant quantities, but also this plant is also found in south-central Florida, Indian Ocean Islands, and the Pacific Islands. Sida planicaulis produces neurotoxicity that adversely affects livestock breeding with heavy animal losses and consequent negative impact on Brazil’s economy. The aim of this study was to determine the chemical profile, cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of ethanolic extracts of S. planicaulis collected in winter (leaf extract) and summer (leaf extract and leaf + flower extract) using an in vitro model of human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y. Phytochemical screening demonstrated the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, and apolar compounds. Rutin, quercetin, and swainsonine were detected by HPLC and GC/MS, respectively. Phosphorus, potassium, iron, and zinc were the inorganic elements found. Extracts produced cytotoxicity at all concentrations tested (7–4,000 μg/ml) as evidenced by the colorimetric assay [3-(4,5-dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl) −2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT)]. Based upon the alkaline comet assay extracts were found to induce genotoxicity at concentrations ranging from 0.437 to 7 μg/ml. DNA damage produced by extracts was affirmed using a modified comet assay with the enzymes Endo III and FPG in a concentration dependent manner. Further, enzyme-modified comet assay showed both oxidized purines and pyrimidines, and consequently oxidative stress was related to genomic instability and cell death. Data suggest that low concentrations of ethanolic extracts of S. planicaulis (different seasons) induced increased DNA damage related to oxidative stress and chemical composition.

摘要

Sida planicaulis是一种杂草，被认为起源于巴西，那里有大量的杂草，但是这种植物也存在于佛罗里达州中南部，印度洋群岛和太平洋群岛。Sida planicaulis会产生神经毒性，严重损害牲畜的生长，从而对畜牧业产生不利影响，并因此对巴西经济产生负面影响。这项研究的目的是确定使用冬季体外收集的冬季（叶提取物）和夏季（叶提取物和叶+花提取物）的链球菌乙醇提取物的化学特征，细胞毒性和遗传毒性作用。神经母细胞瘤细胞系SH-SY5Y的模型。植物化学筛选显示存在生物碱，类黄酮和非极性化合物。通过HPLC和GC / MS分别检测芦丁，槲皮素和swainsonine。磷，钾，铁和锌是发现的无机元素。比色法[3-（4,5-二甲基噻唑-2-基）-2,5-二苯基溴化四唑鎓（MTT）]证明提取物在所有测试浓度（7–4,000μg/ ml）下均产生细胞毒性。 。基于碱性彗星试验，发现提取物在0.437至7μg/ ml的浓度范围内可引起遗传毒性。提取物产生的DNA损伤可通过使用修饰的彗星试验（Endo III和FPG）以浓度依赖性的方式得到证实。此外，酶修饰的彗星试验显示了氧化的嘌呤和嘧啶，因此氧化应激与基因组不稳定和细胞死亡有关。数据表明低浓度的乙醇提取物扁平链球菌（不同季节）诱导与氧化应激和化学成分有关的DNA损伤增加。