Abstract

The present study aimed to evaluate the chemical analysis and antimicrobial effects of the Thamnobryum alopecurum (Hedw.) Gangulee essential oils were obtained by different distillation methods (Clevenger apparatus hydrodistillation (HD) and microwave-assisted hydrodistillation (MD)). In this study obtained volatile oils were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry which revealed the presence of forty-five compounds present in the essential oil obtained by HD method representing 99.48 % of the total identified compounds and thirty-four compounds were identified in the essential oil extracted by MD method representing 95.39 % of the total identified compounds. 3-octanone was the major constituent of the essential oils extracted by both HD (14.28 %) and MD (20.07 %). Terpenes were the major constituents in the essential oil extra-cted by both methods (54.41 % in HD and 52.21 % in MD) followed by oxygenated terpenoids (17.16 % in HD and 14.94 % in MD). The other major compounds of the essential oil in HD was limonene (9.65 %) followed by β-pinene (9.13 %), cuparene (6.04 %), gymnomitrone (5.72 %) and 4-epi-abietal (5.59 %). While in MD essential oil the other major compounds were β-pinene (12.20 %) followed by limonene (8.56 %), α-pinene (9.01 %), cupa-rene (6.44 %), abietadiene (5.97 %). The antimicrobial effects of the essential oils were determined tested quantitatively in respective broth media by using double microdilution and the minimal inhibition concentration (MIC) values (μg/mL). The isolated essential oils of T. alopecurum showed effective antimicrobial activities against Escherichia coli, Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Bacillus cereus, Mycobacterium smegmatis and Candida albicans. However, no activity was not observed against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The hydrodistillation method was found to be more effective than the microwave method in iden-tifying the chemical composition of the structure of T. alopecurum essential oil. While for antimicrobial study MD method was found to be more effective in terms of antimicrobial effect. The T. alopecurum thus is a potential source of an antimicrobial agent with a wide range of chemical compounds that could be responsible for their activity.

摘要

本研究旨在评估斜生扁豆的化学分析和抗菌作用（Hedw。）通过不同的蒸馏方法（Clevenger装置加氢蒸馏（HD）和微波辅助加氢蒸馏（MD））获得神经节精油。在这项研究中，通过气相色谱-质谱法分析了所获得的挥发油，结果表明通过HD方法获得的精油中存在四十五种化合物，占所鉴定化合物的99.48％，其中三十四种化合物被鉴定出通过MD方法提取的石油占已鉴定化合物总数的95.39％。3-辛酮是HD（14.28％）和MD（20.07％）提取的精油的主要成分。在这两种方法中，萜烯是精油中的主要成分（在HD中为54.41％，在MD中为52.21％），其次是氧化的萜类化合物（在HD中为17.16％，在MD中为14.94％）。HD中精油的其他主要化合物是柠檬烯（9.65％），其次是β-pine烯（9.13％），铜烯（6.04％），裸草酮（5.72％）和4-表观脂肪（5.59％）。而在MD香精油中，其他主要化合物是β-pine烯（12.20％），其次是柠檬烯（8.56％），α-pine烯（9.01％），铜（（6.44％），己二烯（5.97％）。通过使用双重微量稀释和最小抑制浓度（MIC）值（μg/ mL），在各个肉汤培养基中定量测试了香精油的抗微生物作用。分离出的精油 56％），α-pine烯（9.01％），铜a（6.44％），己二烯（5.97％）。通过使用双重微量稀释和最小抑菌浓度（MIC）值（μg/ mL），在相应的肉汤培养基中定量测试了香精油的抗微生物作用。分离出的精油 56％），α-pine烯（9.01％），铜a（6.44％），己二烯（5.97％）。通过使用双重微量稀释和最小抑菌浓度（MIC）值（μg/ mL），在相应的肉汤培养基中定量测试了香精油的抗微生物作用。分离出的精油秃顶草显示对大肠杆菌，假结核耶尔森氏菌，金黄色葡萄球菌，粪肠球菌，蜡状芽孢杆菌，耻垢分枝杆菌和白色念珠菌具有有效的抗菌活性。然而，未观察到针对铜绿假单胞菌的活性。发现加氢蒸馏法比微波法更有效地鉴别毛豆草精油结构的化学组成。虽然对于抗微生物研究，MD方法在抗微生物作用方面更为有效。该T. alopecurum 因此，它是具有多种可能导致其活性的化合物的潜在抗菌剂来源。