Surface oxygen vacancy, dynamically created and annihilated under the reaction conditions, may serve as a unique form of active site for heterogeneous catalysis. In this study, the mechanisms of selected reactions (i.e., CO oxidation, water-gas shift, CO₂ hydrogenation, alcohol carbonation, and selective catalytic reduction of NO with NH₃) proposed by in-situ spectroscopy characterizations were reviewed to elucidate the critical roles of surface oxygen vacancy in heterogeneous catalysis over ceria-based materials. It is demonstrated that the surface oxygen vacancy may interact with reactants and intermediates through enhanced adsorption and activation to promote the overall catalysis. Operando spectroscopy studies that enable in-situ spectroscopy characterizations of surface oxygen vacancy and reaction intermediates coupled with simultaneous kinetic measurements are highly recommended to further advance the fundamental understanding of the ceria catalysis.

中文翻译：

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表面氧空位在基于二氧化铈的材料的非均相催化中的关键作用：综述

在反应条件下动态产生并消除的表面氧空位可作为异质催化活性位点的独特形式。在这项研究中，选择的反应机理（即，CO氧化，水煤气变换，CO ₂加氢，醇碳酸化以及用NH ₃选择性催化还原NO的机理））提出了原位光谱表征方法，以阐明表面氧空位在二氧化铈基材料的多相催化中的关键作用。结果表明，表面氧空位可通过增强的吸附和活化作用而与反应物和中间体相互作用，从而促进整体催化作用。强烈建议进行能对表面氧空位和反应中间体进行原位光谱表征以及同时进行动力学测量的Operando光谱学研究，以进一步促进对二氧化铈催化作用的基本了解。