Aldosterone is a steroid hormone that regulates blood pressure and cardiovascular function by acting on renal and vascular mineralocorticoid receptors (MRs) to promote sodium retention and modulate endothelial function. Indeed, MRs are expressed in endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, adipocytes, immune cells, skeletal muscle cells, and cardiomyocytes. Excessive aldosterone and associated MR activation impair insulin secretion, insulin metabolic signaling to promote development of diabetes and the related cardiometabolic syndrome. These adverse effects of aldosterone are mediated, in part, via increased inflammation, oxidative stress, dyslipidemia and ectopic fat deposition. Therefore, inhibition of MR activation may have a beneficial effect in prevention of impaired insulin metabolic signaling, type 2 diabetes and cardiometabolic disorders. This review highlights findings from the recent surge in research regarding MR related cardiometabolic disorders as well as our contemporary understanding of the detrimental effects of excess MR activation on insulin metabolic signaling.

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胰岛素抵抗和相关疾病发病机理中的盐皮质激素受体：从基础研究到临床疾病

醛固酮是一种类固醇激素，通过作用于肾和血管盐皮质激素受体（MRs）来促进钠sodium留并调节内皮功能，从而调节血压和心血管功能。实际上，MRs在内皮细胞，血管平滑肌细胞，脂肪细胞，免疫细胞，骨骼肌细胞和心肌细胞中表达。醛固酮过多和相关的MR激活会损害胰岛素分泌，胰岛素代谢信号，从而促进糖尿病的发展和相关的心脏代谢综合征。醛固酮的这些不良作用部分地通过炎症增加，氧化应激，血脂异常和异位脂肪沉积来介导。因此，抑制MR激活可能在预防胰岛素代谢信号传导受损方面具有有益作用，2型糖尿病和心脏代谢异常。这篇综述重点介绍了最近有关MR相关的心脏代谢疾病的研究激增的结果，以及我们对过量MR活化对胰岛素代谢信号传导的有害影响的当代理解。