Premise of research. Fossil fruits and seeds of Zingiberales provide essential data on the past diversity and distribution of the order, augmenting our understanding of the evolutionary history of gingers, bananas, and relatives.Methodology. Three different types of zingiberalean fruits and seeds from the Late Cretaceous–early Cenozoic Deccan Intertrappean beds of central India were studied using physical sections, polished slices, peels, and micro–computed tomography scanning. A morphology-based phylogenetic analysis was conducted to assess the fossils’ phylogenetic position within Zingiberales.Pivotal results. Fruits and seeds of “Musa” cardiosperma Jain were reevaluated, and newly collected specimens indicate that this species was common and widely distributed across central India during the late Maastrichtian. Morphological differences indicate that they do not conform to the extant genus Musa but instead represent an extinct genus of Zingiberaceae for which the name Momordiocarpon R.N. Deshmukh & Kokate has priority. Seeds of Momordiocarpon cardiospermum (R.K. Jain) comb. nov. lack the micropylar collar found in extant Musaceae and have only a weakly defined oblique chalazal chamber. Orthogonospermum patanense gen. et sp. nov. is recognized based on seeds from the Maastrichtian of Marai Patan. These seeds are rectangular, with 90° corners in transverse and sagittal sections, and are obovate in coronal section. Both Momordiocarpon and Orthogonospermum have massively thickened seed coats in the hilar region, unlike any extant Zingiberales. Phylogenetic analyses place Momordiocarpon and Orthogonospermum in Zingiberaceae. Callistemonites indicus Bande, Mehrotra & Prakash, known from fruits with intact seeds from the Paleocene of Ghughua, is here shown to represent a taxon distinct from M. cardiospermum; its original binomial is reinstated.Conclusions. Together, these three species add to the known diversity of the Late Cretaceous and early Cenozoic of India. Two of these species are confirmed to be in Zingiberaceae, enhancing our understanding of the early diversification and biogeographic spread of Zingiberales.

中文翻译：

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印度晚白垩世-早新生代Deccan圈套床的化石果实和金贝拉尔种子

研究前提。金枪鱼的化石水果和种子提供了有关该顺序过去的多样性和分布的重要数据，从而加深了我们对生姜，香蕉和亲戚的进化历史的了解。方法论。使用物理切片，打磨的切片，果皮和显微计算机断层扫描技术研究了印度中部晚白垩世-新生代的Deccan圈套床中的三种不同类型的姜类水果和种子。进行了基于形态学的系统发育分析，以评估化石在金斯贝拉莱斯内的系统发育位置。关键的结果。“ Musa”心皮的果实和种子重新评估了in那教，新采集的标本表明，该物种在马斯特里赫特晚期晚期在印度中部很普遍并广泛分布。形态上的差异表明它们不符合现存的Musa属，而是代表姜科的一个已灭绝的属，而Momordiocarpon RN Deshmukh＆Kokate则是优先的名称。苦瓜种子（RK Jain）的梳子。十一月 缺少现存Musaceae中发现的小孔状衣领，并且仅具有定义较弱的斜向睑板腔。丹参gen。等。十一月 是基于来自Marai Patan的马斯特里赫特人的种子而被认可的。这些种子是长方形的，在横断面和矢状断面有90°角，在冠状断面倒卵形。无论Momordiocarpon和Orthogonospermum已经大规模增厚的种皮在门区，不同于任何现存的姜类。系统发育分析将Momordiocarpon和Orthogonospermum在姜科植物。蜓Callistemonites班德，特拉＆普拉卡什，从水果与来自Ghughua的古完整种子已知的，在此示出以表示从不同的一个类群M.倒地铃属; 恢复其原始二项式。结论。这三个物种加在一起，增加了印度白垩纪晚期和新生代早期的已知多样性。这些物种中的两个已被确认为在姜科，这增强了我们对姜科植物早期多样化和生物地理分布的理解。