CAMP (Cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide) is synthesized and secreted by adipocytes and involved in adipose tissue (AT) innate immune response and host defense of subcutaneous AT against Gram positive bacteria. Data on the regulation of CAMP in obesity and during weight loss are scarce and reference values do not exist. Serum CAMP levels (ELISA) and AT gene expression levels (quantitative real time PCR) were investigated in two large and longitudinal (12 months) cohorts of severely obese patients undergoing either a low calorie diet (LCD; n=79) or bariatric surgery (BS; n=156). The impact of metabolic factors on CAMP expression in vitro was investigated in differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. CAMP serum levels significantly increased after BS but not during LCD. Females had lower CAMP serum levels and lower gene expression levels in subcutaneous AT. CAMP was positively correlated to unfavorable metabolic factors/adipokines and negatively to favorable factors/adipokines. CAMP gene expression was higher in subcutaneous than in visceral AT but serum CAMP levels were not correlated to levels of AT gene expression. While certain bile acids upregulated CAMP expression in vitro, high glucose/insulin as well as GLP-1 had an inhibitory effect. There exist gender-specific and AT compartment-specific effects on the regulation of CAMP gene expression. Weight loss induced by BS (but not by LCD) upregulated CAMP serum levels suggesting the involvement of weight loss-independent mechanisms in CAMP regulation such as bile acids, incretins and metabolic factors. CAMP might represent an adipokine at the interface between metabolism and innate immune response.

中文翻译：

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肥胖和减肥期间导管素抗菌肽 (CAMP) 的血清水平和脂肪组织基因表达

CAMP（Cathelicidin 抗菌肽）由脂肪细胞合成和分泌，参与脂肪组织 (AT) 先天免疫反应和皮下 AT 对革兰氏阳性菌的宿主防御。关于肥胖和减肥期间 CAMP 调节的数据很少，不存在参考值。在接受低热量饮食（LCD；n=79）或减肥手术的两个大型纵向（12 个月）严重肥胖患者队列中研究了血清 CAMP 水平（ELISA）和 AT 基因表达水平（定量实时 PCR）。 BS；n=156）。在分化的 3T3-L1 脂肪细胞中研究了代谢因素对体外 CAMP 表达的影响。CAMP 血清水平在 BS 后显着增加，但在 LCD 期间没有。女性具有较低的 CAMP 血清水平和较低的皮下 AT 基因表达水平。CAMP 与不利的代谢因素/脂肪因子呈正相关，与有利的因素/脂肪因子呈负相关。皮下的 CAMP 基因表达高于内脏 AT，但血清 CAMP 水平与 AT 基因表达水平无关。虽然某些胆汁酸在体外上调 CAMP 表达，但高葡萄糖/胰岛素以及 GLP-1 具有抑制作用。对 CAMP 基因表达的调节存在性别特异性和 AT 区室特异性影响。BS（但不是 LCD）诱导的体重减轻上调了 CAMP 血清水平，表明 CAMP 调节中涉及体重减轻独立机制，例如胆汁酸、肠促胰素和代谢因子。CAMP 可能代表代谢和先天免疫反应之间界面的脂肪因子。