This case report describes the clinical progression of a 5-day-old Oldenburg colt presented for acute severe right hindlimb lameness. The foal had diarrhoea at presentation, and over the next 24 h became tachycardic and febrile with cold extremities in the hindlimbs and began to bear weight on the dorsum of both hind fetlocks. Diagnostic work-up included physical examination, radiography, ultrasonography and clinicopathological testing. Treatment consisted of antibiotics, anti-inflammatories, gastroprotectants, oral di-tri-octahedral smectite, hyperimmune plasma and isotonic crystalloid fluids for diarrhoea. Bandages and splints were applied to the hindlimbs to assist ambulation and prevent weightbearing on the dorsum of the fetlocks. The foal developed oedema of both hindlimbs, and ultrasonographic evaluation revealed gas pockets within the subcutaneous tissues. An ultrasound-guided aspirate of the right hindlimb oedema was submitted for cytology, which revealed presumed Clostridial spores, and culture, which yielded heavy growth of Escherichia coli. Surgical fenestration of the hindlimbs was performed due to suspected Clostridial myositis. The foal continued to decline clinically and was humanely subjected to euthanasia. Post-mortem evaluation revealed septicaemia and thromboembolism of the terminal abdominal aorta resulting in partial obstruction of blood flow to the pelvic limbs with resultant bacterial myositis (Clostridium [suspected] and Escherichia coli [confirmed]). In summary, thrombosis is a potential sequela to coagulopathy seen in septicaemia and should be considered a differential diagnosis in neonatal foals presenting for lameness.

中文翻译：

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一头 5 日龄奥尔登堡小马的腹主动脉血栓栓塞和继发于结肠炎和败血症的盆腔肢体肌炎

本病例报告描述了因急性严重右后肢跛行而就诊的 5 天大奥尔登堡小马的临床进展。小马驹在出现时腹泻，在接下来的 24 小时内出现心动过速和发热，后肢四肢发冷，并开始在两只后肢的背部承重。诊断检查包括体格检查、放射照相、超声检查和临床病理学检测。治疗包括抗生素、抗炎药、胃保护剂、口服双三八面体蒙脱石、超免疫血浆和等渗晶体液治疗腹泻。在后肢上使用绷带和夹板，以帮助行走并防止脚背上的负重。小马驹出现双后肢水肿，和超声检查显示皮下组织内有气袋。超声引导下抽吸右侧后肢水肿进行细胞学检查，结果显示假定梭菌孢子和培养物导致大肠杆菌大量生长。由于疑似梭菌性肌炎，对后肢进行了手术开窗术。小马驹在临床上继续下降，并被人道地实施安乐死。验尸评估显示终末腹主动脉的败血症和血栓栓塞导致流向骨盆四肢的血流部分阻塞，从而导致细菌性肌炎（梭菌[疑似]和大肠杆菌[确诊]）。总之，血栓形成是败血症中凝血功能障碍的潜在后遗症，应被视为新生小马驹跛行的鉴别诊断。