Typical planetary and planetary satellite exospheres are in nonequilibrium conditions, which means that a distribution function that describes these environments is far from Maxwellian. It is even more true when considering transportation of energetic ions in planetary magnetospheres, making it necessary to solve the Boltzmann equation in order to capture kinetic effects when modeling evolution of the distribution function describing such environments. Among various numerical methods, the Monte Carlo approach is one of the most used one for solving kinetic equations. That is because of the relative simplicity of implementing and a high degree of flexibility in including new physical processes specific to a particular simulated environment. Adaptive Mesh Particle Simulator (AMPS) was developed as a general‐purpose code for solving the Boltzmann equation in conditions typical for planetary and planetary satellite exospheres. Later, the code was generalized for modeling dusty gas, dust, and plasma, and for simulating transportation of solar energetic particles and galactic cosmic rays in planetary magnetospheres. Here, we present a brief overview of the design, list the implemented physics models, and outline the modeling capabilities of AMPS. The latter is supported by several examples of prior applications of the code.

中文翻译：

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蒙特卡罗方法在行星，磁层和日圆环境中的多尘气体，等离子体尘埃和高能离子建模中的应用

典型的行星和行星卫星大气层处于非平衡状态，这意味着描述这些环境的分布函数离麦克斯韦利安很远。当考虑高能离子在行星磁层中的传输时，情况更是如此，因此有必要对玻耳兹曼方程进行求解，以便在对描述这种环境的分布函数的演化进行建模时捕获动力学效应。在各种数值方法中，蒙特卡洛方法是求解动力学方程式最常用的方法之一。这是因为实现相对简单，并且在包含特定于特定模拟环境的新物理过程时具有高度的灵活性。自适应网格粒子模拟器（AMPS）是作为通用代码开发的，用于在行星和行星卫星大气圈的典型条件下求解玻尔兹曼方程。后来，该代码被推广用于建模尘埃气体，尘埃和等离子体，以及模拟太阳高能粒子和银河系宇宙射线在行星磁层中的传输。在这里，我们简要介绍了设计，列出了已实现的物理模型，并概述了AMPS的建模功能。后者得到该代码先前应用程序的几个示例的支持。在这里，我们简要介绍了设计，列出了已实现的物理模型，并概述了AMPS的建模功能。后者得到该代码先前应用程序的几个示例的支持。在这里，我们简要介绍了设计，列出了已实现的物理模型，并概述了AMPS的建模功能。后者得到该代码先前应用程序的几个示例的支持。