The Fukushima nuclear accident in Japan on March 11, 2011, produced large amounts of Cs-polluted soil which must be controlled to prevent the spread of hazardous Cs into the environment. In this paper, the effects of heat treatment on the structure and properties of Cs-containing glass-ceramics, as a simulated nuclear waste form, were systematically investigated. Cesium atoms are chemically bonded in the pollucite structure, and the amorphous phase further encapsulates the pollucite crystals in the glass-ceramics, thus providing an extra protective layer for the immobilized Cs. XRD analysis, Raman and FT-IR studies on the glass-ceramics synergistically indicated that the optimum crystallization temperature for pollucite is around 1000 °C. The pollucite is predominantly the main crystalline phase with a narrow crystal size distribution between 0.5 and 2 μm. Standard leaching test results show that the leaching rate of Cs was very low (3.0 × 10⁻³ g/(m²·d)). The study offers a practical method for immobilizing Cs in pollucite-base glass-ceramics. Moreover, the experimentally obtained data may provide some important references for converting Cs-polluted soil into pollucite-base glass-ceramics waste form.

2011 年 3 月 11 日发生在日本的福岛核事故，产生了大量被 Cs 污染的土壤，必须对其进行控制，以防止有害的 Cs 扩散到环境中。在本文中，系统研究了热处理对作为模拟核废料形式的含 Cs 微晶玻璃结构和性能的影响。铯原子化学键合在磷灰石结构中，无定形相进一步将磷灰石晶体包裹在微晶玻璃中，从而为固定的 Cs 提供了额外的保护层。XRD 分析、拉曼和 FT-IR 对微晶玻璃的研究协同表明，磷灰石的最佳结晶温度约为 1000 °C。磷灰石主要是主晶相，具有介于 0 之间的窄晶体尺寸分布。5 和 2 微米。标准浸出试验结果表明，Cs 的浸出率很低（3.0 × 10^-3  g/(m ² ·d))。该研究提供了一种在磷灰石基微晶玻璃中固定 Cs 的实用方法。此外，实验获得的数据可为将Cs污染的土壤转化为氚基微晶玻璃废料提供一些重要的参考。