While oxidases play crucial roles in the cell metabolism by efficient and selective utilization of O₂, the practical applications of natural oxidases are limited due to their intrinsic shortcomings (high cost in purification and poor stability). Recently, great varieties of engineered nanostructures have been demonstrated to display oxidase-mimetic activity, which can serve as ideal candidates for oxidase-mimicking nanozymes. In view of the significant progress of nanozymes, we, in this review, systematically illustrate the classification of oxidase-mimicking nanozymes in terms of the acting group of representative substrates and discuss their possible catalytic mechanisms. We also summary the activity modulation of oxidase-mimicking nanozymes by tuning the physicochemical property of nanomaterials and surrounding environments, as well as their potential biomedical applications in biosensing, antibacteria and cancer treatment. Finally, the current opportunities and challenges are discussed to stimulate the research of understanding and development of nanozymes.

氧化酶通过有效和选择性地利用O ₂在细胞代谢中起关键作用然而，由于天然氧化酶的固有缺点（纯化的高成本和较差的稳定性），其实际应用受到限制。近来，已证明多种工程化的纳米结构显示出模拟氧化酶的活性，其可以用作模拟氧化酶的纳米酶的理想候选物。鉴于纳米酶的显着进展，在本综述中，我们根据代表性底物的作用基团系统地说明了模拟氧化酶的纳米酶的分类，并讨论了其可能的催化机理。我们还总结了通过调节纳米材料和周围环境的物理化学特性，以及它们在生物传感，抗菌和癌症治疗中的潜在生物医学应用，来模拟模仿氧化酶的纳米酶的活性。最后，