The polar cod (Boreogadus saida) has a circumpolar distribution and is the most abundant planktivorous fish in the Arctic. Declining sea-ice coverage impacts polar cod directly and also facilitates expansion of human activities in the region leading to increasing anthropogenic pressures on biota. Here we summarize current data and knowledge on polar cod from the Russian sector of the Barents Sea and discuss knowledge needs for the management of polar cod under changing environmental conditions and anthropogenic impacts. We review 36 Russian historical (1935 - 2020) sources of data and knowledge largely unknown to western researchers, in addition to sources already published in the English language. This effort allowed for digitalization and visualization of 69 separate datasets on polar cod ecology, including maturation, fertility, feeding intensity, diet, lipid content, length-weight relationships and seasonal variation in larval size. Our review suggests that polar cod abundances are particularly large in the eastern Barents Sea and adjacent waters. Here, we identify and discuss key knowledge gaps. The review of polar cod in the eastern Barents Sea revealed 1) major variation in the timing and area of polar cod spawning, 2) uncertainty as to what degree the polar cod is dependent on sea ice, 3) deficient knowledge of juvenile (e.g., 0-group) distributions, particularly in the north-eastern Barents Sea, 4) deficient knowledge of the species' genetic structure and spatio-temporal distributions, and 5) insufficient understanding as to whether ongoing environmental change may induce phenological changes affecting the availability of potential food items for polar cod larvae and their match in space and time. Filling these knowledge gaps would provide an important step towards the reliable knowledge base needed in order to perform well-founded management and impact assessment under environmental changes and increasing anthropogenic impacts.

极地鳕鱼（Boreogadus saida）具有极极的分布，是北极最丰富的浮游鱼类。海冰覆盖率的下降直接影响了极地鳕鱼，也促进了该地区人类活动的扩展，导致人为生物群落的压力增加。在这里，我们总结了来自巴伦支海俄罗斯地区的极地鳕鱼的最新数据和知识，并讨论了在不断变化的环境条件和人为影响下管理极地鳕鱼的知识需求。除了以英语发布的信息来源外，我们还会回顾36种俄罗斯历史（1935年至2020年）的历史数据和知识，这是西方研究人员所未知的。通过这项工作，可以对69个独立的极地鳕鱼生态学数据集进行数字化和可视化，包括成熟度，繁殖力，饲喂强度，饮食，脂质含量，幼虫体长与体重的关系和季节性变化。我们的评论表明，在东巴伦支海和邻近水域中，极地鳕鱼的丰度特别大。在这里，我们确定并讨论关键的知识差距。对东部巴伦支海极地鳕的回顾表明：1）极地鳕产卵的时间和面积有很大变化； 2）极地鳕在何种程度上依赖于海冰； 3）对少年的知识不足（例如， 0组）的分布，尤其是在巴伦支海东北部，4）对物种的遗传结构和时空分布的了解不足，以及5）对正在进行的环境变化是否会引起物候变化的影响缺乏足够的了解极地鳕鱼幼虫的潜在食物及其在空间和时间上的匹配。