With the increase of the coal consumption, the gob scale has become significantly large, increasing the risk of subsidence. Using Brillouin optical time-domain reflectometer (BOTDR) technology, this paper studied the deformation and failure state of overburden above the gob. An overburden subsidence calculation model considering rock mechanical parameters based on the BOTDR was established. In addition, the influence of damage distribution parameters and rock particle contact parameters on the subsidence calculation model was discussed, and the spatial and temporal distribution rule of overburden subsidence was obtained. Taking Zhang Huaizhu working face in Zhangzhuang Coal Mine as an example, this paper verified the accuracy of the subsidence calculation model. The research results show that: The damage distribution parameters have little effect on the overburden subsidence calculation model. The subsidence maximum change caused by the tangential inclination of the particle contact surface in the bulking zone is 0.016 times the height of the bulking zone, while the subsidence maximum change caused by the friction coefficient is 0.046 times the height of the bulking zone. The overburden subsidence of Zhangzhuang Coal Mine has gradually been stabilized after deforming for one and a half year. The ground subsidence in the gob has a negative exponential relationship with time during research period. Compared the result of the subsidence calculation model proposed in this paper with the field monitoring value, it was found that the ground subsidence tendencies are basically the same, and the relative error is less than 8%. It indicates that the subsidence calculation model is reliable in calculating the overburden subsidence in the gob.

随着煤炭消耗量的增加，采空区规模明显变大，沉陷风险增加。利用布里渊光学时域反射仪（BOTDR）技术研究了采空区上覆岩的变形和破坏状态。建立了基于BOTDR的考虑岩石力学参数的上覆沉陷计算模型。此外，讨论了损伤分布参数和岩石颗粒接触参数对沉降计算模型的影响，并得出了上覆沉降的时空分布规律。以张庄煤矿张怀柱工作面为例，验证了沉降计算模型的准确性。研究结果表明：破坏分布参数对上覆沉陷计算模型影响很小。在膨胀区中由颗粒接触表面的切向倾斜引起的沉降最大变化是膨胀区高度的0.016倍，而由摩擦系数引起的沉降最大变化是膨胀区高度的0.046倍。经过一年半的变形，张庄煤矿的覆岩沉陷已逐渐稳定。在研究期间，采空区地面沉降与时间呈负指数关系。将本文提出的沉降计算模型的结果与现场监测值进行比较，发现地面沉降趋势基本相同，相对误差小于8％。