This study provides the first comprehensive molecular phylogenetic reconstruction of the lettuce alliance (Cichorieae subtribe Lactucinae of the sunflower family) in its SW Asia centre of diversity and assumed area of origin. The sampling contains multiple samples of all SW Asian Lactucinae except four unavailable rare taxa. One nuclear ribosomal and five plastid DNA markers were used for the reconstruction with maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference. A total of 716 individual sequences belonging to 56 taxa were newly generated. The nrDNA and plastid DNA gene trees show several hard topological incongruences at various levels of the trees, which make it very likely that the evolution of the subtribe was shaped by events of ancient and more recent reticulation, chloroplast capture and incomplete lineage sorting. The taxonomic conclusions from the phylogenetic analysis are drawn, and a revised inventory of the subtribe in SW Asia including new combinations and synonymies are provided.

中文翻译：

---

Lactucinae（菊科）的系统发育和系统学侧重于它们的西南亚洲多样性中心

本研究首次对生菜联盟（向日葵科的菊苣亚部落 Lactucinae）在其西南亚多样性中心和假定的原产地进行了全面的分子系统发育重建。采样包含所有 SW Asian Lactucinae 的多个样本，除了四个不可用的稀有分类群。一个核核糖体和五个质体 DNA 标记用于最大简约、最大似然和贝叶斯推理的重建。新生成了属于 56 个分类群的 716 个单独序列。nrDNA 和质体 DNA 基因树在树的各个层次上显示出几个严重的拓扑不一致，这使得亚部落的进化很可能是由古代和最近的网状形成、叶绿体捕获和不完整的谱系分类事件形成的。