For coastal communities living in low elevation Pantai Acheh of Penang, Malaysia, salinization of groundwater caused by sea level rise (SLR) could pose a daunting challenge to water supply and crop cultivation, thereby undermining local water security (SDG6) and food security (SDG2). Modelling analysis using MANTRA was performed to examine the sustainability of coastal groundwater and vegetation in Pantai Acheh in response to SLR. MANTRA was developed by linking two United States Geological Survey (USGS) simulation models known as MANHAM and SUTRA. Simulation analysis revealed that Penang Island does not have viable fresh groundwater. Further, a projected 1-m SLR may lead to a 22% loss in mangrove coverage within the study site, adversely impacting SDG2 and SDG6. Penang’s current water management practices are not sustainable to meet growing demand for freshwater and to overcome the impacts of global climate change (GCC). Hence, alternative water supply options such as rainwater harvesting, groundwater exploitation and consumer education deserve careful consideration and research to ensure a sustainable water future for Penang Island towards achieving SDG6 and SDG2. Key elements for achieving these two SDGs include adapting integrated coastal zone management and integrated water management to mitigate increased risk of floods and droughts due to GCC and SLR, and protecting mangrove forests and their ecosystem services from further degradation.

对于生活在马来西亚槟城Pantai Acheh低海拔地区的沿海社区来说，海平面上升（SLR）引起的地下水盐碱化可能对供水和农作物种植构成严峻挑战，从而破坏当地的水安全（SDG6）和粮食安全（SDG2） ）。进行了使用MANTRA的建模分析，以检查Pantai Acheh响应SLR后沿海地下水和植被的可持续性。MANTRA是通过链接两个称为MANHAM和SUTRA的美国地质调查局（USGS）模拟模型而开发的。模拟分析表明，槟城岛没有可行的淡水。此外，预计的1-m SLR可能导致研究地点内红树林覆盖率降低22％，从而对SDG2和SDG6产生不利影响。槟州目前的水管理实践无法满足不断增长的淡水需求并克服全球气候变化（GCC）的影响。因此，诸如雨水收集，地下水开采和消费者教育之类的替代性供水选择值得认真考虑和研究，以确保槟城岛实现可持续发展目标6和可持续发展目标2的可持续水未来。实现这两个可持续发展目标的关键要素包括：调整沿海地区综合管理和水资源综合管理，以减轻由于GCC和SLR引起的洪水和干旱风险的增加，以及保护红树林及其生态系统服务免于进一步退化。地下水开采和消费者教育值得认真考虑和研究，以确保槟城岛实现可持续发展的可持续水源，以实现SDG6和SDG2。实现这两个可持续发展目标的关键要素包括：调整沿海地区综合管理和水资源综合管理，以减轻由于GCC和SLR引起的洪水和干旱风险的增加，以及保护红树林及其生态系统服务免于进一步退化。地下水开采和消费者教育值得认真考虑和研究，以确保槟城岛实现可持续发展的可持续水源，以实现SDG6和SDG2。实现这两个可持续发展目标的关键要素包括：调整沿海地区综合管理和水资源综合管理，以减轻由于GCC和SLR引起的洪水和干旱风险的增加，以及保护红树林及其生态系统服务免于进一步退化。