The study deals with the analyses of springs and wells at the base of Montepugliano Hill that represents the SE edge of the wide carbonate Matese massif (Campania, southern Italy). At the base of the hill, from west to east and for almost one kilometre, cold springs HCO₃-Ca type (Grassano springs, ~ 4.5 m³/s; TDS: about 0.45 g/L) pass to hypothermal, HCO₃-Ca type, sulphurous and CO₂-rich springs (~ 1 m³/s with TDS > 1 g/L). Some of the latter are widely used in Telese Spa and Centro Relax Spa. Chemical and isotopic analyses carried out for this study support the hypothesis that all these waters (mineral and non-mineral) have the same catchment area, which is located in the Matese massif. As regards the sulphurous springs, they receive both meteoric waters infiltration and uprising of deeper waters rich in endogenous CO₂ and H₂S gases through important faults systems. Far from these faults, the chemistry of groundwater is scarcely (or not at all) affected by these deep fluid enrichment processes. This scheme is very significant; in fact, when very important groundwater resources are present, it is possible to use both mineral waters in Spa and, in areas far from the faults, those not yet mineralized. Finally, at Montepugliano Hill, in the final stage of the flow path, groundwater is also affected by change in the microbiome: this could provide a basis for comparison between various mineral waters.

该研究涉及对 Montepugliano 山脚下的泉水和水井的分析，该山脚代表宽碳酸盐岩 Matese 地块（意大利南部坎帕尼亚）的 SE 边缘。在山脚下，从西向东近一公里，冷泉 HCO ₃ -Ca 型（Grassano 泉，~4.5 m ³ /s；TDS：约 0.45 g/L）通过低温，HCO ₃ - Ca 型、含硫和富含 CO ₂的泉水（~ 1 m ³ /s，TDS > 1 g/L）。后者中的一些被广泛用于Telese Spa和Centro Relax Spa。为本研究进行的化学和同位素分析支持所有这些水域（矿泉水和非矿泉水）具有相同集水区的假设，该集水区位于 Matese 地块中。至于硫磺泉水，它们接受大气水的渗透和富含内源性 CO ₂和 H _{2的深水的上升}S 气体通过重要的故障系统。远离这些断层，地下水的化学性质几乎没有（或根本没有）受到这些深层流体富集过程的影响。这个方案意义重大；事实上，当存在非常重要的地下水资源时，既可以使用斯帕的矿泉水，也可以在远离断层的地区使用尚未矿化的矿泉水。最后，在蒙特普利亚诺山，在流动路径的最后阶段，地下水也受到微生物组变化的影响：这可以为各种矿泉水之间的比较提供基础。