Abstract

Macrozoobenthic communities of Onega Bay of the White Sea were studied in 2010 at ten stations, which repeated the survey sites performed in the 1950s and 1980s by the staff of the White Sea Biological Station, USSR Academy of Sciences. Benthic communities where bivalve mollusks dominated by biomass were observed at all sites investigated in 2010. The stations were divided into two main groups; Modiolus modiolus was the dominant species in the first one, Clinocardium ciliatum in combination with various bivalve species as subdominants dominated in the second. There were also communities in which Hiatella arctica and Macoma calcarea dominated; each community was recorded at only one station. Due to the inability to follow accurately the sampling methods and the peculiarities of primary processing used in the historical surveys, the comparison of the data was carried out using only bivalves, because this was the most reliably defined group that unquestionably dominated in all communities. No significant changes were found in bivalve dominance. The replacement of the blue mussel settlement with a Hiatella arctica community was observed at a shallow depth (13 m). Deeper than 40 m, the dominants changed: Clinocardium ciliatum by Mya truncata (1952), Elliptica elliptica by Macoma calcarea (1981), and Clinocardium ciliatum by Macoma calcarea (2010); these changes were most likely associated with the patchy distribution of these key forms. Modiolus modiolus communities, observed in Onega Bay in 1952 and 1981 at depths of less than 40 m, were found in the same places in 2010. The stability of macrobenthic communities, where large, long-lived bivalves dominated (in particular, Modiolus), was most likely due to the absence of significant changes in the environmental conditions and of an anthropogenic load in Onega Bay during at least the second half of the XX century and the early XXI century.

中文翻译：

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白海奥涅加湾社区：它们在时间和空间上的稳定性如何？

摘要

2010年，在十个站点对白海奥涅加湾的大型动物群落进行了研究，这些重复了苏联科学院白海生物站工作人员在1950年代和1980年代进行的调查地点。在2010年调查的所有地点均观察到以生物量为主的双壳类软体动物的底栖生物群落。在第一个物种中，Modiolus modiolus是优势种，纤毛的纤毛（Clinocardium ciliatum）结合了各种双壳类物种，在第二个物种中占主导地位。也有一些社区，其中Hiatella arctica和Macoma calcarea占主导地位 每个社区仅在一个站点进行记录。由于无法准确地遵循采样方法以及历史调查中使用的主要处理方法的特殊性，因此仅使用双壳类动物进行数据比较，因为这是最可靠定义的组，无疑在所有社区中都占主导地位。没有发现双壳类优势的显着变化。在浅深度（13 m）处观察到蓝色贻贝定居点被Hiatella arctica群落取代。深度超过40μm时，优势种群改变：Clinocardium ciliatum由妙截形（1952），Elliptica elliptica由Macoma油杉（1981），和Clinocardium ciliatum通过Macoma油杉（2010）; 这些变化很可能与这些关键形式的不规则分布有关。1952年和1981年在Onega湾不到40 m的深度观察到的Modiolus modiolus群落在2010年的同一地方被发现。大型底栖动物群落的稳定性，在那里大型，长寿命的双壳类动物占主导地位（尤其是Modiolus），最有可能的原因是，至少在20世纪下半叶和二十一世纪初，Onega湾的环境条件没有发生重大变化，并且没有人为负荷。