The area of North-East India and Nepal Himalaya undergoes seasonal deformations due to the variation of surface mass loads induced mainly by annual monsoon precipitation. The present study focuses on comparing seasonal horizontal deformations of the Earth’s surface obtained over the area of North-East India and Nepal Himalaya using Global Positioning System (GPS) and the corresponding ones obtained from Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite mission data. Seasonal deformations of the Earth’s surface in horizontal components were determined using daily observations from 36 GPS stations located in North-East India and Nepal Himalaya and Release-05 GRACE-based Global Geopotential Models (GGMs). The consistency between these seasonal horizontal deformations was investigated using three statistical metrics, namely: the correlation, Weighted Root Mean Square (WRMS) reduction and Nash–Sutcliffe model Efficiency (NSE). The results obtained indicate that at nearly 89% of GPS stations investigated, positive correlation can be determined between seasonal deformations of the Earth’s surface in the north component obtained from GPS and the corresponding ones from GRACE data. The percentage of WRMS reductions computed from seasonal horizontal deformations of the Earth’s surface obtained using GPS and GRACE data reach ~ 18% and 0.71% in north and east components, respectively. Moreover, we obtain the median value of NSE almost 0.28 for north and − 0.01 for east components. The study finds that seasonal horizontal deformations in the area investigated are controlled by local tectonics, and realizes the need of a realistic Earth model comprising local crustal inhomogeneities and tectonic features for better constraining the surface deformations in this region.

东北印度和尼泊尔喜马拉雅山地区由于主要由年度季风降水引起的表面质量负荷变化而经历季节性变形。本研究着重于比较使用全球定位系统（GPS）以及从重力恢复和气候实验（GRACE）卫星任务数据获得的相应数据，获取在印度东北部和尼泊尔喜马拉雅地区获得的地表的季节性水平变形。利用位于印度东北部和尼泊尔喜马拉雅山的36个GPS站以及基于Release 05 GRACE的全球地电势模型（GGM）的每日观测值，确定了地表水平分量的季节性变化。使用三个统计指标研究了这些季节性水平变形之间的一致性，即：相关性，加权均方根（WRMS）减少和Nash-Sutcliffe模型效率（NSE）。所获得的结果表明，在将近89％的GPS站进行了调查后，可以确定从GPS获得的北部分量与从GRACE数据获得的相应分量之间的正相关。根据GPS和GRACE数据获得的地表季节性水平变形计算得出的WRMS降低百分比在北部和东部地区分别达到〜18％和0.71％。此外，对于北部地区，我们获得NSE的中位数几乎为0.28，对于东部地区，则为-0.01。研究发现，调查区域的季节性水平变形受局部构造控制，