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The Humanities of Contingency: Interviewing and Teaching Beyond “Testimony” with Holocaust Survivors
The Oral History Review Pub Date : 2019-08-01 , DOI: 10.1093/ohr/ohz008
Henry Greenspan 1
Affiliation  

Engaging Holocaust survivors primarily as “witnesses” who provide “testimony”—which has long been the prevailing paradigm of practice with sur- vivors—radically oversimplifies both survivors’ lives and their accounts of their lives. Similarly, the conventional “testimony” model limits the extent to which we are likely to become engaged in, and implicated by, survivors’ retelling. I have been making those arguments for over forty years. Here, the focus is primarily on teaching “beyond testimony”: especially through immersion in survivors’ recounting as a deliberate, situated, multiply contingent process in which students themselves become, in a survivors’ phrase, “participants in a conversation.” In my classroom, collaborative exploration—that is, participation in conversation — replaces “receiving a testimony” as the guiding paradigm. Students’ responses to such conversations are featured. One student wrote about a survivor who visited the class: “She was not ‘just a survivor, if I can say it that way. And that made her being a survivor much more significant. The ‘not- survivor’ part of her—the experiences and traits that are just like us or people we know—is what made the ‘survivor part’ real. Not a symbol of the Holocaust. But one of us.” Engaging individual survivors as “one of us” rather than “symbols of the Holocaust” can transform how we teach about genocide, and the few who live after, even when only memoirs, recordings, and transcripts remain.

中文翻译:

偶然性的人文学科:与大屠杀幸存者的“证词”之外的访谈和教学

将大屠杀幸存者主要作为提供“证词”的“证人”——这长期以来一直是幸存者实践的普遍范式——从根本上过度简化了幸存者的生活和他们对生活的描述。同样,传统的“证词”模型限制了我们可能参与幸存者复述并受其影响的程度。四十多年来,我一直在提出这些论点。在这里,重点主要是教授“超越证词”:特别是通过沉浸在幸存者的叙述中,这是一个深思熟虑的、情境化的、多重偶然的过程,用幸存者的话说,在这个过程中,学生自己成为“对话的参与者”。在我的课堂上,协作探索——即参与对话——取代了“接受证词”作为指导范式。学生对此类对话的反应是特色。一位学生写道,一位参观班级的幸存者说:“如果我可以这样说,她不仅仅是一个幸存者。这让她成为一名幸存者变得更加重要。她的“非幸存者”部分——就像我们或我们认识的人一样的经历和特征——使“幸存者部分”成为现实。不是大屠杀的象征。但我们中的一个。” 让个别幸存者成为“我们中的一个人”而不是“大屠杀的象征”可以改变我们对种族灭绝和少数幸存者的教育方式,即使只剩下回忆录、录音和成绩单。她的“非幸存者”部分——就像我们或我们认识的人一样的经历和特征——使“幸存者部分”成为现实。不是大屠杀的象征。但我们中的一个。” 让个别幸存者成为“我们中的一个人”而不是“大屠杀的象征”可以改变我们对种族灭绝和少数幸存者的教育方式,即使只剩下回忆录、录音和成绩单。她的“非幸存者”部分——就像我们或我们认识的人一样的经历和特征——使“幸存者部分”成为现实。不是大屠杀的象征。但我们中的一个。” 让个别幸存者成为“我们中的一个人”而不是“大屠杀的象征”可以改变我们对种族灭绝和少数幸存者的教育方式,即使只剩下回忆录、录音和成绩单。
更新日期:2019-08-01
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