‘A secret, melodramatic sort of conspiracy’: The disreputable legacies of Fenian violence in nineteenth-century London. This essay assesses the cultural and historical legacy of the ‘Dynamite war’, a campaign waged predominantly in London by Irish-American Republicans organised under the banners of Clan-na-Gael and Jeremiah O’Donovan Rossa’s Skirmishers from 1881 to 1885. The war was, and, to a degree, remains, a contentious event in Irish history principally because its instigators were willing to use extreme violence against civilian targets, and so demonstrated a disposition to transgress codes of martial honour which had previously been regarded as largely sacrosanct. While the history of the campaign, the degree to which it was innovative in its methods as a precursor for urban terrorism, and the manner in which the war has been represented in popular culture and literature have been the subjects of compelling recent research, the extent to which the campaign has been understood within the context of Irish London and its problematic status within narratives of nineteenth-century Irish political insurgency more broadly have been less fully considered. This paper considers these aspects in greater detail, highlighting the disreputable status of the campaign and, subsequently, the manner in which allusions to it are often deeply embedded in Irish literary and cultural texts. The essay concludes with a discussion of James Joyce’s Ulysses (1922), a work which uses fictionalised autobiography to locate the war in the wider history of nineteenth-century Irish nationalism. In so doing Joyce acknowledges the ethical complexity of the campaign in a manner which becomes both an intervention in historiography and an experiment in literary aesthetics.

中文翻译：

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“一个秘密的、戏剧化的阴谋”：十九世纪伦敦芬尼亚暴力的声名狼藉的遗产

“一个秘密的、戏剧化的阴谋”：十九世纪伦敦芬尼亚暴力的声名狼藉的遗产。这篇文章评估了“炸药战争”的文化和历史遗产，这场战争主要由爱尔兰裔美国共和党人在 1881 年至 1885 年间在 Clan-na-Gael 和 Jeremiah O'Donovan Rossa's Skirmishers 的旗帜下组织起来。曾经并且在某种程度上仍然是爱尔兰历史上的一个有争议的事件，主要是因为它的煽动者愿意对平民目标使用极端暴力，因此表现出违反以前被认为在很大程度上神圣不可侵犯的军事荣誉准则的倾向。虽然该运动的历史，它作为城市恐怖主义的先驱，其方法的创新程度，战争在流行文化和文学中的表现方式一直是近期研究的主题，这场运动在爱尔兰伦敦的背景下被理解的程度以及它在 19 世纪爱尔兰语叙事中的问题地位更广泛的政治叛乱没有得到充分考虑。本文更详细地考虑了这些方面，强调了该运动声名狼藉的地位，以及随之而来的在爱尔兰文学和文化文本中往往深深植根于它的典故的方式。这篇文章最后讨论了詹姆斯·乔伊斯的《尤利西斯》（1922 年），这部作品使用虚构的自传来在 19 世纪爱尔兰民族主义的更广泛历史中定位战争。