This essay explores the interior spaces of three nineteenth-century, London-based, large-scale, multi-functional, public leisure centres — the Alexandra Palace, the Royal Aquarium and Summer and Winter Gardens, and the People’s Palace. Thanks to the possibilities of iron and glass, and the model provided by the Crystal Palace, the new buildings were constructed from the 1870s onwards, offering a new building type and providing London’s working-class population with the recreation that the earlier open-air Pleasure Gardens had offered the aristocracy and the middles classes, albeit indoors. A mixture of entrepreneurialism and social reform drove the development of the new venues. This article seeks to unpack the complex interior spaces of these new buildings, focusing on the components they had in common, among them winter gardens, great halls and ice-skating rinks. The tensions that arose from the attempts, made in all three centres, to combine high cultural educational offerings with more popular passive entertainment are explored, as are the experiences of the visitors. The conclusion briefly considers the legacy of nineteenth-century winter gardens and people’s palaces in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries.

中文翻译：

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“潮湿天气的有盖长廊”：伦敦的冬季花园和人民宫殿，1870 年至 1900 年

本文探讨了三个 19 世纪伦敦的大型多功能公共休闲中心的内部空间——亚历山德拉宫、皇家水族馆和夏季和冬季花园，以及人民宫。由于铁和玻璃的可能性，以及水晶宫提供的模型，新建筑从 1870 年代开始建造，提供了一种新的建筑类型，并为伦敦的工人阶级提供了早期露天乐趣花园为贵族和中产阶级提供了机会，尽管是在室内。企业家精神和社会改革的结合推动了新场馆的发展。本文试图解开这些新建筑复杂的内部空间，重点关注它们的共同组成部分，其中包括冬季花园、大厅和溜冰场。探索了在所有三个中心进行的尝试将高文化教育产品与更受欢迎的被动娱乐相结合而产生的紧张局势，以及游客的体验。结语简要地考察了二十世纪和二十一世纪十九世纪冬季园林和人民宫殿的遗产。