Juana Tapia did not know how to sign her own name. Yet, on September 12, 1900, Tapia successfully initiated a suit in federal district court for her son's release from military service. Her son, Miguel Álvarez, had been imprisoned by a local prefect during the recent municipal elections in the city of Hermosillo, Sonora, for alleged criminal activities. Instead of consigning Álvarez to a criminal judge to be prosecuted for these alleged crimes, the local prefect had ordered Tapia's son to nearby Torim to serve in the Mexican army's twelfth battalion.

中文翻译：

---

非法征兵与宪法：19 世纪后期墨西哥强制征兵的司法保护

胡安娜·塔皮亚不知道如何签上自己的名字。然而，在 1900 年 9 月 12 日，塔皮亚成功地在联邦地方法院提起诉讼，要求她的儿子退伍。她的儿子米格尔·阿尔瓦雷斯 (Miguel Álvarez) 在索诺拉州埃莫西约 (Hermosillo) 市最近举行的市政选举期间因涉嫌犯罪活动而被当地省长监禁。当地省长没有将阿尔瓦雷斯交给刑事法官以因这些涉嫌犯罪而受到起诉，而是命令塔皮亚的儿子到附近的托里姆在墨西哥军队的第十二营服役。