ABSTRACT This study, by applying the Levels of Conflict model, sought to investigate the manner in which human-human conflict (HHC) related to human-wildlife conflict (HWC) in Chapoto Ward in the mid-Zambezi valley, northern Zimbabwe. The focus was on three interrelated levels of conflict, namely disputes, ongoing conflictual relationships underlying disputes, and identity-level conflict. Besides the identification of the above three levels, the model also helped unravel these from each other. Qualitative data collection methods included in-depth interviews with 60 heads of households, interviews with key informants, a focus group session, and document analysis. We found that the conflict between people and wildlife was much more complicated than it seemed to be because it was driven by HHC. These findings support the new line of thinking that HWC should not be viewed as simply a problem between people and wildlife but as a conflict between stakeholders with divergent views over wildlife management.

中文翻译：

---

争端、关系和身份：将人类与野生动物冲突作为津巴布韦北部赞比西河谷中部的人类与人类冲突的“冲突级别”分析

摘要 本研究通过应用冲突级别模型，试图调查津巴布韦北部赞比西河谷中部查波托沃德人与野生动物冲突 (HWC) 与人与人冲突 (HHC) 的方式。重点是冲突的三个相互关联的层次，即争端、争端背后的持续冲突关系和身份层次的冲突。除了识别上述三个层次外，该模型还有助于将它们相互分解。定性数据收集方法包括对 60 位户主的深入访谈、对关键知情人的访谈、焦点小组会议和文件分析。我们发现人与野生动物之间的冲突比看起来要复杂得多，因为它是由 HHC 驱动的。