The North Carolina Industrial School for Negro Girls was established in 1925 by the local branch of the National Federation of Colored Women’s Clubs. Also known as Efland Home, this institution, like others across the South, was designed to rehabilitate young black women “destined for pregnancy, prostitution, or prison.” The quasi-private reformatory negotiated its relationship with the state, receiving inconsistent and nominal funding for roughly a decade. By the mid-to-late 1930s, Efland Home functioned as a penal institution as the ideals of its clubwomen founders crumbled under financial and logistical pressures. State-sanctioned investigations and inquiries wrought mixed messages concerning the utility of the reformatory. During the last five years of its existence, Efland Home became a contested site of policing as matrons, superintendents, and others replaced rehabilitative ideologies with violence and (corporeal) punishment. To express their discontent, young women sentenced to the institution ran away in larger numbers and with greater frequency during these years, encountering local authorities in the process. The young women’s experiences thus reveal complex negotiations regarding the power of black clubwomen and the state to regulate black female adolescents’ behaviors.

中文翻译：

---

有争议的承诺：1919 年至 1939 年在 Efland Home 监管黑人女性青少年犯罪

北卡罗来纳州黑人女子工业学校于 1925 年由全国有色人种妇女俱乐部联合会当地分支机构成立。该机构也被称为 Efland Home，与南方其他机构一样，旨在让“注定要怀孕、卖淫或入狱”的年轻黑人女性康复。这家准私人改革机构与国家协商其关系，在大约十年的时间里收到了不一致和名义上的资金。到 1930 年代中后期，由于女俱乐部创始人的理想在财务和后勤压力下崩溃，Efland Home 已成为惩戒机构。国家批准的调查和询问对感化所的效用产生了不同的信息。在其存在的最后五年中，Efland Home 成为了一个有争议的警务场所，作为护士长、警司、和其他人用暴力和（肉体）惩罚取代了康复意识形态。为了表达她们的不满，这些年来被判处监禁的年轻女性越来越多、越来越频繁地逃跑，并在此过程中遇到了地方当局。因此，年轻女性的经历揭示了关于黑人俱乐部女性和国家规范黑人女性青少年行为的权力的复杂谈判。