This article examines Leonard P. Howell’s understanding of repatriation as a form of black resistance aimed at decolonizing Jamaica. Howell, who is considered a Rastafari founder, engaged in political activities that indicated an investment in psychological repatriation as opposed to physical repatriation to facilitate a Rastafari black nationalist agenda for Jamaica. The Rastafari movement was inspired by the conception of Ethiopia’s Emperor Haile Selassie I as the promised return of the Messiah, prophesied by the Bible. Howell’s use of repatriation to Ethiopia for black people has been equated to the back-to-Africa campaign of Marcus Garvey, the great pan-Africanist and black nationalist. However, Howell’s efforts to use repatriation to decolonize the Jamaican people suggests an alternative view. His back-to-Africa rhetoric was inflated by the British colonial government of Jamaica, and later creole nationalists, to undermine his political successes. The colonial strategy applied to Howell has left distorted knowledge about his radical anti-colonialism and political agency. While it is indisputable that he paid homage to Ethiopia, this article demonstrates that Howell intended to remain in Jamaica, where he would work to make the island a part of a global diaspora of the kingdom of God in Ethiopia.

中文翻译：

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遣返政治和第一次拉斯塔法里，1932-1940

本文考察了伦纳德·P·豪厄尔 (Leonard P. Howell) 对遣返作为一种旨在使牙买加非殖民化的黑人抵抗形式的理解。豪厄尔被认为是拉斯塔法里的创始人，他参与了政治活动，表明对心理遣返的投资，而不是身体上的遣返，以促进牙买加的拉斯塔法里黑人民族主义议程。拉斯塔法里运动的灵感来自埃塞俄比亚皇帝海尔·塞拉西一世的概念，即圣经预言的弥赛亚的承诺回归。豪厄尔将黑人遣返埃塞俄比亚的做法等同于伟大的泛非主义者和黑人民族主义者马库斯·加维 (Marcus Garvey) 的重返非洲运动。然而，豪厄尔试图通过遣返使牙买加人民去殖民化的努力提出了另一种观点。牙买加的英国殖民政府和后来的克里奥尔民族主义者夸大了他重返非洲的言论，以破坏他的政治成功。应用于豪厄尔的殖民战略留下了关于他激进的反殖民主义和政治机构的扭曲知识。虽然他向埃塞俄比亚致敬是无可争辩的，但本文表明豪厄尔打算留在牙买加，在那里他将努力使该岛成为埃塞俄比亚上帝王国全球侨民的一部分。