ABSTRACT This article performs a depth hermeneutic of the two senses of ‘vocation’ that were available to Max Weber when he delivered his complementary lectures to graduate students one hundred years ago: ‘Science as a Vocation’ and ‘Politics as a Vocation’. Both senses derive from the Protestant Reformation, but the relationship implied between the divine sender and human receiver of the ‘call’ are radically divergent. On the one hand, the Lutheran sense of ‘vocation’ involves hearing the call from God, recognising it for what it is, and then justifying one’s life in terms of it. In contrast, the Calvinist sense of ‘vocation’ involves neither the certainty nor the submission of the Lutheran call. Instead the call amounts an invitation to wager one’s life by venturing into a world of potentially – but by no means necessarily – transcendent significance. Weber associates the academic vocation – as he had previously the ‘capitalist ethic’ – with the Calvinist sense of calling. The stated and implied critique of conventional academic practice, which Weber saw as tending in a more ‘Lutheran’ direction, remains of contemporary relevance. Among the topics covered are the relationship between the pursuit of free inquiry and state policy, the status of academic works, and the sense of ‘purpose’ with which academic inquiry should be pursued.

中文翻译：

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听到科学的呼唤意味着什么？现在听马克斯·韦伯

摘要 本文对马克斯·韦伯 100 年前向研究生发表补充讲座时所获得的两种“职业”意义进行了深入的解释：“科学作为职业”和“政治作为职业”。这两种意义都源自新教改革，但“呼召”的神圣发送者和人类接收者之间隐含的关系却截然不同。一方面，路德宗对“职业”的理解包括听到来自上帝的呼召，认清它的本质，然后以此来证明自己的生活是正当的。相比之下，加尔文主义对“职业”的理解既不涉及路德宗呼召的确定性，也不涉及其顺从。取而代之的是，这个电话相当于邀请您冒险进入一个具有潜在——但绝不是必然——超凡意义的世界。韦伯将学术使命——正如他之前所说的“资本主义伦理”——与加尔文主义的使命感联系起来。对传统学术实践的明示和暗示批评，韦伯认为倾向于更“路德”的方向，仍然具有当代意义。所涵盖的主题包括追求自由探究与国家政策之间的关系、学术作品的地位以及进行学术探究的“目的”感。韦伯认为这更倾向于“路德教”的方向，仍然具有当代意义。所涵盖的主题包括追求自由探究与国家政策之间的关系、学术作品的地位以及进行学术探究的“目的”感。韦伯认为这更倾向于“路德教”的方向，仍然具有当代意义。所涵盖的主题包括追求自由探究与国家政策之间的关系、学术作品的地位以及进行学术探究的“目的”感。