ABSTRACT I outline a proposal for an analysis of antiblackness grounded by the Marxist critique of the fetishistic forms of capitalist society. Traditionally, Marxist accounts of antiblackness turn, not to Marx’s theory of fetishism, but rather to dynamics of class formation under capitalist development, and hence to the ways that class formation motivates types of racism, including antiblackness. But accounts like these do not explain the distinctive features of modern antiblackness. Turning to the Marxist critique of fetishism, I argue for an account of the distinctive features of modern antiblackness, by bringing into conversation: (a) comments by Fanon on negrophobia and the relations between antiblackness and antisemitism; and (b) work by Postone on the fetishistic nature of modern antisemitism. I argue that antisemitism and antiblackness afford a pair of devices for falsely concretising the structure of alienation that produces the apparent opposition of labour and capital. These devices present the pathologies of modernity as stemming not from capitalist social relations but rather from the apparently essential powers of antisocial races: the Jew of antisemitism, caricatured as cunning will without productive bodily expenditure, and the Black of antiblack racism, caricatured as biological energy that lacks self-governing will.

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资本主义的种族如何？范农，批判理论与反黑迷信

摘要我以马克思主义对资本主义社会的拜物教形式的批判为基础，提出了一项分析反黑的提议。传统上，马克思主义者关于反黑的论述不是转向马克思的拜物教理论，而是转向资本主义发展下的阶级形成动态，从而转向阶级形成激励包括反黑的种族主义类型的方式。但是，这些说法并不能解释现代反黑的独特特征。在谈到马克思主义对拜物教的批判时，我主张通过对话来说明现代反黑人的独特特征：（a）法农关于黑人恐惧症以及反黑人与反犹太主义之间关系的评论；（b）Postone研究现代反犹太主义的拜物教性质。我认为，反犹太主义和反黑人提供了一对错误地具体化异化结构的手段，这种异化结构明显地引起了劳动力和资本的对立。这些手段呈现出现代性的病态，并非源于资本主义社会关系，而是源于反社会种族的基本力量：反犹太主义的犹太人被刻画为狡猾的意志而没有生产性的身体支出，而反黑人的黑人则被刻画为生物能量。缺乏自治的意志。