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COVID-19 and planning history: a space oddity
Planning Perspectives ( IF 0.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-05-07 , DOI: 10.1080/02665433.2020.1760514
Stephen J. Ramos 1
Affiliation  

In October 1875, Benjamin Ward Richardson gave the Presidential Address to the Health Department of the Social Science Association at their Brighton meeting. The title, ‘Hygeia: The City of Health’, honoured the Greek and Roman goddess of health, and in it Richardson projected a utopian city (common in those days) that would take public health as its primary design consideration. He stated from the outset that such an experiment would be more artistically pleasing at the smaller village scale, but in light of the fact that ‘the great mortality of States is resident in cities, it is practically better to take the larger and less favoured community’. ‘If cities could be transformed’, he concluded, ‘the rest would follow’. Richardson’s city projected a population of 100,000, living in 20,000 houses, built on 4,000 acres of land, for a density of 25 people per acre. As a reference, in 2010, New York City (the five boroughs) had a density of 42.2 people per acre, Chicago 18.5 people per acre, and Atlanta 5.5 people per acre. Hygeia would emphasize air, light, and ventilation by limiting building heights to 4-storeys, ensuring wide streets and alleys in a grid of primary, secondary, and tertiary circulation paths, and limiting building footprints and separating residences throughout the road system. Public baths and saunas would be distributed throughout, as would many hospitals (with no expense spared!). In this way Richardson argued that illness, particularly respiratory diseases, would ‘find no possible home’. Cognizant of the speculative nature of Hygeia, Richardson boldly proclaimed,

中文翻译:

COVID-19和计划历史:太空怪异

1875年10月,本杰明·沃德·理查森(Benjamin Ward Richardson)在布莱顿会议上向社会科学协会卫生部发表了总统致辞。“ Hygeia:健康之城”的名称是对希腊和罗马的健康女神的嘉奖,理查森在其中计划了一个乌托邦式的城市(在当时很常见),它将公共卫生作为其主要设计考虑因素。他从一开始就说,这样的实验在较小的村庄规模上将更具有艺术性,但鉴于“国家的巨大死亡率居住在城市中”这一事实,最好选择规模较大,不受青睐的社区'。他总结说,“如果城市能够改造”,“其余的都会随之而来”。理查森所在的城市预计人口为100,000,居住在40,000英亩土地上的20,000所房屋中,每英亩25人的密度。作为参考,2010年,纽约市(五个行政区)的密度为每英亩42.2人,芝加哥为每英亩18.5人,亚特兰大为每英亩5.5人。Hygeia通过将建筑物的高度限制为4层,确保在主要,次要和三次循环路径的网格中确保宽阔的街道和小巷,并限制建筑物的占地面积并在整个道路系统中分隔住所,来强调空气,光线和通风。公共浴场和桑拿浴室将分布在各处,许多医院也将分布(不花任何钱!)。理查森以此方式辩称,疾病,特别是呼吸系统疾病,将“找不到可能的家”。理查德森(Richardson)意识到Hygeia的投机性质,大胆宣称:纽约市(五个行政区)的密度为每英亩42.2人,芝加哥为每英亩18.5人,亚特兰大为每英亩5.5人。Hygeia通过将建筑物的高度限制为4层,确保在主要,次要和三次循环路径的网格中确保宽阔的街道和小巷,并限制建筑物的占地面积并在整个道路系统中分隔住所,来强调空气,光线和通风。公共浴场和桑拿浴室将分布在各处,许多医院也将分布(不花任何钱!)。理查森以此方式辩称,疾病,特别是呼吸道疾病,将“找不到可能的家”。理查德森(Richardson)意识到Hygeia的投机性质,大胆宣称:纽约市(五个行政区)的密度为每英亩42.2人,芝加哥为每英亩18.5人,亚特兰大为每英亩5.5人。Hygeia通过将建筑物的高度限制为4层,确保在主要,次要和三次循环路径的网格中确保宽阔的街道和小巷,并限制建筑物的占地面积并在整个道路系统中分隔住所,来强调空气,光线和通风。公共浴场和桑拿浴室将分布在各处,许多医院也将分布(不花任何钱!)。理查森以此方式辩称,疾病,特别是呼吸系统疾病,将“找不到可能的家”。理查德森(Richardson)意识到Hygeia的投机性质,大胆宣称:通过将建筑高度限制为4层,确保街道,小巷位于主要,次要和三次循环路径的网格中,并限制建筑物的占地面积并在整个道路系统中将住宅区分开来进行通风。公共浴场和桑拿浴室将分布在各处,许多医院也将分布(不花任何钱!)。理查森以此方式辩称,疾病,特别是呼吸系统疾病,将“找不到可能的家”。理查德森(Richardson)意识到Hygeia的投机性质,大胆宣称:通过将建筑高度限制为4层,确保街道,小巷位于主要,次要和三次循环路径的网格中,并限制建筑物的占地面积并在整个道路系统中将住宅区分开来进行通风。公共浴场和桑拿浴室将分布在各处,许多医院也将分布(不花任何钱!)。理查森以此方式辩称,疾病,特别是呼吸系统疾病,将“找不到可能的家”。理查德森(Richardson)意识到Hygeia的投机性质,大胆宣称:就像许多医院一样(不惜一切代价!)。理查森以此方式辩称,疾病,特别是呼吸系统疾病,将“找不到可能的家”。理查德森(Richardson)意识到Hygeia的投机性质,大胆宣称:就像许多医院一样(不惜一切代价!)。理查森以此方式辩称,疾病,特别是呼吸系统疾病,将“找不到可能的家”。理查德森(Richardson)意识到Hygeia的投机性质,大胆宣称:
更新日期:2020-05-07
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