ABSTRACT Contemporary critiques of Islam and Judaism as political religions have a genealogical connection with older Protestant arguments that religion ought to remain apolitical. At the end of the seventeenth century in England, drawing on older polemics against Muhammad, the theologian Humphrey Prideaux argued that Islam, like Roman Catholicism, was an ‘imposture’ because it failed to maintain a distinction between religion and politics. The true Gospel introduced a separation between these domains but was misunderstood by the Jews, who expected the Messiah to restore them to national sovereignty. By recovering the role such arguments played in the development of ideas of religious freedom, Yelle’s aim is to show that secularism is not non-religious nor religiously neutral, but a doctrine that has privileged certain interpretations of Christianity in the context of interreligious debates.

中文翻译：

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 “火与剑”：早期英国批评伊斯兰教和犹太教是“骗局”或政治和“不自由”宗教

摘要 当代对伊斯兰教和犹太教作为政治宗教的批评与较旧的新教论点有关，即宗教应该保持非政治性。在 17 世纪末的英格兰，神学家汉弗莱·普里多 (Humphrey Prideaux) 借鉴了反对穆罕默德的旧论战，认为伊斯兰教与罗马天主教一样，是一种“骗局”，因为它未能保持宗教与政治之间的区别。真正的福音引入了这些领域之间的分离，但被犹太人误解了，他们期望弥赛亚恢复他们的国家主权。通过恢复这些论点在宗教自由思想发展中的作用，耶勒的目的是表明世俗主义不是非宗教的，也不是宗教中立的，