A considerable corpus of literature addresses the poor relief crisis and its culmination, the Poor Law Amendment Act of 1834. However, the Act's adoption was not uniform, temporally or geographically, and the role of West Riding Gilbert incorporations in delaying its local implementation, and the consequences of that delay, have received little attention. The environs of Leeds were less affected by the Act than elsewhere. Four sprawling incorporations comprising 160 townships, established under Gilbert's Act of 1782, obstructed the formation of New Poor Law unions. The largest, the Carlton Incorporation, included in its membership seven of the ten Leeds out-townships. Alongside member townships, others, interspersed but non-incorporated, like Holbeck in Leeds, might also administer relief predominantly in the tradition of Old Poor Law welfare mechanisms, with greater autonomy, and by select vestries, to which working men might be elected. Such was the case in Holbeck, where on three occasions in the 1840s Chartist administrations were returned. This paper examines the impact on the poor of relief administration in the Carlton Incorporation, and Holbeck, during the 1840s, introducing an analysis of the workings, policies, and effects of an example of Chartist local governance.

中文翻译：

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1840 年代的救济管理不善及其对穷人的影响：卡尔顿吉尔伯特公司和利兹的霍尔贝克

大量文献论述了贫困救济危机及其高潮，即 1834 年《济贫法修正案》。 然而，该法案的采用在时间或地理上并不统一，而且西骑吉尔伯特公司在延迟其当地实施方面的作用，以及这种拖延的后果很少受到关注。与其他地方相比，利兹周边地区受该法案的影响较小。根据 1782 年吉尔伯特法案成立的四个庞大的公司包括 160 个乡镇，阻碍了新济贫法工会的形成。最大的是卡尔顿公司，其成员包括利兹十个外乡镇中的七个。除了成员乡镇，其他散布但未合并的城镇，如利兹的霍尔贝克，也可能在旧贫困法律福利机制中提供救济，具有更大的自主权，并通过选择可选择的维护人员。霍尔贝克就是这种情况，在 1840 年代，宪章派政府曾三度在那里回归。本文考察了 1840 年代 Carlton Incorporation 和 Holbeck 的救济管理对穷人的影响，介绍了对宪章主义地方治理示例的运作、政策和效果的分析。