ABSTRACT The central city is once again hot. Many city areas where poor minorities were left behind during the decades-long suburban growth are experiencing a revival. New high-rise condominiums and other developments are drawing tens of thousands back to city spaces that were once considered undesirable. These ‘return to the city’ trends are supported in part by growth machine engines, such as Transit Oriented Development (TOD) and TIF (Tax Increment Financing) districts, often to the detriment of lower-income minority residents, who still find themselves trapped within the boundaries of spatial inequalities in the city. Drawing on six years of ethnographic fieldwork in Chicago, I show how public transportation is used to buttress the city’s growth machine, while simultaneously maintaining the boundaries of spatial and other types of inequalities. In doing so, I highlight how public transit is used to create and support growth along race (and class) lines. Specifically, I show how mobility and growth for Whites and predominantly White spaces in the city are proactively shaped through favorable new public transit development and revitalization initiatives such as TOD and TIF. At the same time, in predominantly Black and Latinx spaces, where intracommunity public transportation usage is high, new transit related development is below sparse or completely lacking, further fortifying transit and other spatial boundaries.

中文翻译：

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运输边界：移动系统中的种族和固定性悖论

摘要中心城市再次很热。在几十年的郊区增长中，贫穷的少数民族被抛在后面的许多城市地区正在复兴。新的高层公寓和其他发展项目吸引了成千上万的人们回到曾经被认为不受欢迎的城市空间。这些“重返城市”趋势在一定程度上受到增长机器引擎的支持，例如面向公交的发展（TOD）和TIF（税收增量筹资）地区，这些地区通常不利于低收入的少数民族居民，他们仍然被困在城市空间不平等的范围内。我以在芝加哥进行的六年人种志田野调查为基础，向我展示了如何使用公共交通来支撑城市的增长机器，同时保持空间和其他类型不平等的界限。在此过程中，我强调了如何使用公共交通来创造和支持种族（和阶级）路线的增长。具体来说，我展示了如何通过有利的新公共交通发展和振兴计划（例如TOD和TIF）积极塑造城市白人和主要是白人空间的流动性和增长。同时，在社区内部公共交通使用率较高的主要黑人和拉丁裔空间中，新的与交通有关的发展低于稀疏或完全缺乏，进一步加强了交通和其他空间边界。我展示了如何通过有利的新公共交通发展和振兴计划（如TOD和TIF）积极塑造白人以及城市中主要是白人空间的流动性和增长。同时，在社区内部公共交通使用率较高的主要黑人和拉丁裔空间中，新的与交通有关的发展低于稀疏或完全缺乏，进一步加强了交通和其他空间边界。我将展示如何通过有利的新公共交通发展和振兴计划（例如TOD和TIF）积极塑造白人以及城市中主要是白人空间的流动性和增长。同时，在社区内部公共交通使用率较高的主要黑人和拉丁裔空间中，新的与交通有关的发展低于稀疏或完全缺乏，进一步加强了交通和其他空间边界。