Documents of various genres from the Cairo Geniza from the eleventh to thirteenth centuries, as well as contemporary legal queries to rabbinic figures, attest to the phenomenon of mixed-faith families among the Jewish communities of the Islamic Mediterranean. In most of these cases known to us, the husbands were Jewish apostates, probably converts to Islam, while their wives remained loyal to Judaism. This social reality was enabled by the legal feasibility of such marriages in both Jewish and Islamic law, as well as the general tendency in the Jewish communities under Islam to maintain social, professional, and familial contacts with apostates from Judaism. This laxity eased the social effects of conversion, and even left the door open for a possible later return of the apostate into the Jewish fold. The existence of religiously mixed families also meant that children of such families found themselves in a unique liminal position, torn between two religions. These children were encouraged by family and community members to embrace Jewish identity despite the conversion of one of their parents; the same was true even of children of couples who had both converted.

中文翻译：

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开罗 Geniza 地中海社会中的宗教混血家庭

11 至 13 世纪开罗 Geniza 的各种类型的文件，以及对拉比人物的当代法律查询，证明了伊斯兰地中海犹太社区中混合信仰家庭的现象。在我们所知的大多数情况下，丈夫是犹太叛教者，可能皈依了伊斯兰教，而他们的妻子仍然忠于犹太教。这种社会现实是由这种婚姻在犹太法和伊斯兰教法中的法律可行性以及伊斯兰教下的犹太社区与犹太教的背道者保持社会、职业和家庭联系的普遍趋势所促成的。这种松懈缓解了皈依的社会影响，甚至为变节者可能在以后重返犹太人的阵营敞开了大门。宗教混合家庭的存在也意味着这些家庭的孩子发现自己处于独特的界限位置，在两种宗教之间左右为难。尽管父母之一皈依了这些孩子，但家庭和社区成员还是鼓励他们接受犹太人的身份；甚至双方都皈依的夫妇的孩子也是如此。