ABSTRACT Landscape-based surrogate measures are commonly used to measure plant diversity, however, the difference between predicted diversity and field measures raises doubts about their effectiveness. A review of the literature was performed to address this (115 studies first evaluations, 61 second evaluations) to establish the types of surrogates used, their usefulness and factors affecting their prediction power. Three types of indicators were detected: landscape metrics, indicators based on the variability of spectral data and geomorphometric indices. The most effective indicators were slope, altitude, elevation, percentage of land cover (PLAND) and edge density (ED), as well as diverse distance metrics. Spectral data, shape index (SHAPE), patch area (PA) and the Shannon diversity index (SHDI) were less useful. Four possible explanatory variables for the effectiveness of surrogates were identified: landscape type analysed, species (taxa) examined, habitat quality and scale of research.

中文翻译：

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基于景观的植物多样性替代措施的批判性审查

摘要 基于景观的替代措施通常用于测量植物多样性，然而，预测的多样性和实地测量之间的差异引发了对其有效性的怀疑。对文献进行了回顾以解决这个问题（115 项研究首次评估，61 项第二次评估）以确定所使用的替代品的类型、它们的实用性和影响其预测能力的因素。检测到三类指标：景观指标、基于光谱数据可变性的指标和地貌指标。最有效的指标是坡度、高度、海拔、土地覆盖百分比 (PLAND) 和边缘密度 (ED)，以及各种距离指标。光谱数据、形状指数 (SHAPE)、斑块面积 (PA) 和香农多样性指数 (SHDI) 不太有用。