ABSTRACT

Two prevalent assumptions in the philosophy of sport literature are that all sports are games and that all games are contests, meant to determine who is the better at the skills definitive of the sport. If these are correct, it would follow that all sports are contests and that a range of sporting activities, including nature sports, are not in fact sports at all. This paper first confronts the notion that sport and games must seek to resolve skill superiority through consideration of sport activities that have no such aim. The reduction of sport to game is also shown to be untenable and due to misunderstanding the point of sport activities, specifically, why people engage in them. This leads to reconsideration of the dominance of an instrumental conception of sport and the pursuit of excellence as anthropomaximising efficiency. The Norwegian tradition of frilutsliv is explored as a counterpoint to both conventional and nature sport.

摘要

运动文学哲学中两个普遍的假设是，所有运动都是游戏，而所有游戏都是比赛，意在确定谁最擅长这项运动。如果这些是正确的话，那么所有运动都是竞赛，而包括自然运动在内的一系列体育活动实际上根本就不是体育。本文首先提出了一个观念，即体育和游戏必须设法通过考虑无目的的体育活动来解决技能优势。从运动到比赛的减少也被证明是站不住脚的，这是由于人们误解了体育活动的重点，特别是人们为什么参加体育活动。这导致人们重新考虑工具性体育概念的主导地位，并追求卓越的人性化效率。