ABSTRACT Three distinct trends have emerged that have disrupted the dominance of privately owned, combustion-powered car transport in the United Kingdom. First, the electric powertrain has emerged as an affordable means of transport, addressing various existing environmental concerns; second, new models of car ownership are developing, particularly in urban areas; third, the growth of “smart city” thinking emphasizes capitalizing on increased connectivity and data availability to create value. We define the combination of these three trends as the “tri-opt” of private transport—three disruptors that should not be considered in isolation but as interacting, an inflection of the “Energy Trilemma.” This paper applies systems thinking and a mixed methodology of workshops, interviews, and systems modeling to the UK city of Bristol’s Smart EV Transport Hub project to identify concepts that positively combine two or more of these three “opts.” We demonstrate that there are many synergistic overlaps and that combinations potentially create significant value, with use cases that the current literature has explored the least are of the greatest perceived value. We thus recommend that public–private sector collaboration in private transport—particularly at the intersection of electric vehicles, smart cities, and mobility-as-a-service—is prioritized for further investigation.

中文翻译：

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电动汽车出行即服务：探索新型私人交通商业模式的“三重选择”

摘要 出现了三种不同的趋势，它们破坏了英国私人拥有的燃烧动力汽车运输的主导地位。首先，电动动力总成已成为一种负担得起的交通工具，解决了现有的各种环境问题；第二，新的汽车拥有模式正在发展，尤其是在城市地区；第三，“智慧城市”思维的发展强调利用增加的连通性和数据可用性来创造价值。我们将这三种趋势的结合定义为私人交通的“三重选择”——三个不应孤立考虑而应视为相互作用的颠覆者，是“能源三难困境”的一个转折点。本文应用系统思维和研讨会、访谈、和系统建模到英国布里斯托尔市的智能电动汽车交通枢纽项目，以确定积极结合这三个“选择”中的两个或更多的概念。我们证明存在许多协同重叠，并且组合可能创造显着价值，当前文献探索最少的用例具有最大的感知价值。因此，我们建议优先考虑公共-私营部门在私人交通方面的合作——特别是在电动汽车、智慧城市和移动即服务的交叉点——进行进一步调查。当前文献探索最少的用例具有最大的感知价值。因此，我们建议优先考虑公共-私营部门在私人交通方面的合作——特别是在电动汽车、智慧城市和移动即服务的交叉点——进行进一步调查。当前文献探索最少的用例具有最大的感知价值。因此，我们建议优先考虑公共-私营部门在私人交通方面的合作——特别是在电动汽车、智慧城市和移动即服务的交叉点——进行进一步调查。