ABSTRACT

Despite assumptions about the ubiquity of wartime sexual violence, some armed actors work hard to generate negative views of rape and other abuses. This article qualitatively explores rebel group stigmatisation (and stigma) of wartime sexual violence and prohibitive normative practices. Regularly discussed with reference to the shaming of victims or survivors, stigmatisation is nonetheless utilised here as a concept for understanding how sexual coercion is “made” deviant and consequential for potential perpetrators. Two rebel groups from Burundi’s civil war (1994–2008), CNDD-FDD (National Council for the Defence of Democracy-Forces for the Defence of Democracy) and FNL (Palipehutu-Forces for National Liberation), are compared. The FNL stigmatised rape and sexual assault, and the nature and quality of its practices shaped negative social norms surrounding rape. The article’s main contribution is to demonstrate the need to deepen and widen the evidence base on the prevention of wartime sexual violence.

摘要

尽管人们认为战时性暴力无处不在，但一些武装分子仍在努力工作，以产生对强奸和其他虐待的负面看法。本文定性地研究了战时性暴力和禁止性规范性行为的反叛团体的污名化（和污名化）。经常以羞辱受害者或幸存者为对象进行讨论，但在此仍将污名化作为一种​​概念，以了解性胁迫是如何“变”为潜在犯罪者的，并因此而产生。比较了布隆迪内战（1994-2008年）中的两个叛乱组织，即CNDD-FDD（国家国防民主委员会-捍卫民主力量）和FNL（Palipehutu-民族解放力量）。民解力量污蔑强奸和性侵犯，其行为的性质和质量对强奸形成了消极的社会规范。这篇文章的主要贡献是表明有必要在预防战时性暴力的基础上加深和扩大证据。