ABSTRACT This article discusses the legal and political status of women and Jews during the phase of German and Italian nation-building, addressing both the lack of participation as well as the strategies of historical actors who hoped to be accepted as equal members of the national community. It focuses on a number of exemplary protagonists whose initiatives demonstrate the options Jewish women in particular had for participating in the development of national consciousness. Their twofold outsider status as women and Jews led to different models of identities between national and Jewish loyalties. In this context, the central importance of secular Jewish identities will be considered, an approach that allows for a differentiated way of looking at the potential and the weaknesses of different ideologies of integration. These have yet to be considered from a comparative German–Italian perspective although they indicate the ‘divided union of wills’ of the two nations.

中文翻译：

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想象中的社区中的妇女和犹太人：德国和意大利建国中的法律和政治状况

摘要本文讨论了德国和意大利建国阶段的妇女和犹太人的法律和政治地位，解决了缺乏参与以及历史行为者希望被接受为民族平等成员的战略。 。它侧重于一些模范的主角，他们的倡议展示了犹太妇女尤其是参与民族意识发展的选择。他们作为妇女和犹太人的双重局外人身份导致国家和犹太人忠诚之间的身份认同模式不同。在这种情况下，将考虑世俗犹太人身份的中心重要性，这种方法允许以差异化的方式来看待不同融合意识形态的潜力和弱点。