The aim of this study was to investigate whether two variants of the TCF7L2 (rs7903146 and rs12255372) modify the association between nut consumption and the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Additionally, the modifying effect of weight change during follow-up on these associations was investigated. We prospectively studied 1423 participants of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose study aged 19–74 years who were followed-up for dietary assessment using a validated, semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Multivariable-adjusted Cox regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for MetS events. Genotyping was performed by Human Omni Express-24-v1-0 chip. Over a median 8.9 years of follow-up, 415 new cases of MetS were documented. The median nut consumption was 20.0 g/week (Interquartile Range (IQR): 8.6–38.9 g/week). Regarding the rs7903146 genotype, in carriers of T allele (CT + TT), highest tertile of nut consumption was associated with a reduced risk of MetS after adjusting for confounders (HR: 0.67 (0.50–0.91)). Regarding the rs12255372 genotype, highest versus lowest tertile of nut consumption in participants with T allele (GT + TT) resulted in 34% reduction of MetS risk after adjustment for confounders (HR: 0.66 (0.49–0.69)). After stratification by weigh change (< 7% or ≥ 7% weight gain), in individuals with ≥ 7% weight gain, highest tertile of nut consumption was associated with reduced risk of MetS among the risk allele of rs7903146. In the risk allele of rs12255372, among individuals with < 7% weight gain, third tertile of nuts intake reduced the risk of MetS, after adjustment for confounders. Higher consumption of nuts may reduces the risk of MetS in T-risk allele of the TCF7L2 rs7903146 and rs12255372 variants and weight change may modify this association.

中文翻译：

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TCF7L2基因多态性，坚果消耗量和代谢综合征的风险：一项基于人群的前瞻性研究

这项研究的目的是调查TCF7L2的两个变体（rs7903146和rs12255372）是否改变了坚果摄入与代谢综合征风险（MetS）之间的关联。另外，研究了随访期间体重变化对这些关联的调节作用。我们前瞻性研究了1423名19-74岁的德黑兰血脂和葡萄糖研究的参与者，他们使用经过验证的半定量食物频率问卷对他们的饮食进行了随访。多变量调整的Cox回归用于估计MetS事件的危险比（HRs）。基因分型是通过Human Omni Express-24-v1-0芯片进行的。在平均8.9年的随访中，记录了415例新的MetS病例。坚果平均消耗量为20.0 g /周（四分位间距（IQR）：8.6–38.9 g /周）。关于rs7903146基因型，在T等位基因携带者（CT + TT）中，调整混杂因素后，坚果消费量最高的三分位数与降低的MetS风险相关（HR：0.67（0.50-0.91））。关于rs12255372基因型，T等位基因（GT + TT）参与者的坚果消耗量最高/最低三分位数调整了混杂因素后导致MetS风险降低了34％（HR：0.66（0.49-0.69））。通过体重变化分层（体重增加<7％或≥7％）后，体重增加≥7％的个体中，坚果消费量最高的三分位数与rs7903146的风险等位基因中的MetS风险降低相关。在体重增加小于7％的个体中，在rs12255372的风险等位基因中，调整混杂因素后，摄入坚果的三分位数降低了MetS的风险。